Influence of the role and status of a preschool child on the keeping a positive microclimate inside the family

The article deals with the problem of the influence of the role and status of a child on the keeping a positive microclimate inside the family and positive relationships between parents and children. Preschool age is like no other characterized by the strongest dependence on adults, and this stage of personality development is mainly determined by the child’s relationships with adults. Even adults themselves sometimes do not understand how their personal qualities become the property of children, in what way, according to the specifics of childhood, they are interpreted, and what significance they acquire for the child. In connection with the special educational role of the family, the issue of how to maximize the positive interaction between family members, minimizing the negative impact of adult family members on children, is of particular importance. The article is devoted to this issue. The aim of the study is to identify the influence of the role status of a preschool child on maintaining a positive microclimate in the family. The methodology of our study was based on the application of a set of theoretical and practical methods. As a result of the study, we concluded that parents, in order to maintain a positive microclimate in the family, must take into account the following features of a preschool child: a) a child can arbitrarily control its behavior, as well as processes of attention and remembering, emotional reactions; b) in any type of activity, a child can go beyond the immediate situation, realize the time perspective, at the same time keep in consciousness a chain of interrelated events or different states of a substance or a process; c) the leading value in the psychological development of a preschool child is imagination. In order to maintain a positive microclimate in the family, it is necessary to accept the child as he is, with all his personality characteristics. The main role of the child in such a family is the role of her beloved member

Дифференциальная ультразвуковая диагностика поликистозных и мультифолликулярных яичников у девушек 15-18 лет

Objective: to develop a differential diagnostic ultrasound criteria multifollicle and polycystic ovaries in girls 15-18 years. Materials and methods. The study involved 394 women 15-18 years old. In 172 patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (group 1), 95 - multifollicular ovaries (group 2). The control (group 3) reached 127 people. In each group, the girls are divided by age: 15-16 years and 17-18 years. All patients were performed organometric including uterine volume, thickness and volume of the endometrium, ovary volume, the diameter of maximum of the follicle and corpus luteum diameter. Then the degree of vascularization of ovarian was assessed using vascularization index (VI) was carried out and both uterine artery Doppler measurement with their diameter. Then the degree of vascularization was assessed using ovarian vascularization index (VI) and carried both uterine artery Doppler monitoring their diameter. The indices of maximum systolic velocity (Vmax), end-diastolic velocity (Vmin), mean, averaged over time, blood flow velocity (TAMV), pulse index (PI) and resistance index (IR). The final step was the assessment of hemodynamics calculation arterial perfusion index (PAI) of the uterus. Results. Revealed that the girls 15-18 years continues functional formation of pelvic terms of increased endometrial thickness and volume in the II phase of the cycle in comparison with I phase, the diameter of the corpus luteum and improve perfusion of the uterus and ovaries with increasing age. For multifollicular ovarian characteristic increase in the size of the ovaries, which occurs in some women folliculogenesis and ovulation. For polycystic ovary characterized by deeper violations. The volume of the ovaries has no minimum 9 cm3, maximum - 34.5 cm3 with the average 14.5-17.8 cm3, which increases as the girls. In the ovaries of girls of 15-18 years old are no dominant follicle and, accordingly, the corpus luteum. PCO reduced vascularization, with values vascularization index from 0% to 8.0%. Resistance index of the uterine arteries is high, reaching 1.0 in 38.8% of girls aged 17-18 and 50.7% - among 15-16 year olds. In addition, when PCO marked slowdown in the uterus, and therefore the uterine hypoplasia was present in 15-16-year-olds in 34.8% of patients and in 17-18-year-olds in 22.3%. Also recorded monotonous thicknesses and volume of the endometrium, did not increase in the II phase of the cycle. Conclusion. Teens 15-18 years with suspected polycystic ovaries during ultrasound diagnosis is competent only if the registration is not only the increase of ovarian volume, but also taking into account the functional activity of the ovary, its vascularization, endometrial changes in both phases of the cycle and assess uterine volume. Girls with MFO should be attributed to the risk group for the development of PCOS, especially those who have menstrual irregularities.Цель исследования: разработка дифференциально-диагностических ультразвуковых критериев мультифолликулярных (МФЯ) и поликистозных (ПКЯ) яичников у девушек 15-18 лет. Материал и методы. Обследовано 394 девушки 15-18 лет. У 172 пациенток диагностирован поликистоз яичников (1-я группа), у 95 - мФя (2-я группа). Контрольную (3-ю группу) составили 127 человек. В каждой группе девушки разделены по возрастам: 15-16 лет и 17-18 лет. Всем пациенткам проводили органометрию, включая объем матки, толщину и объем эндометрия, объем яичников, диаметр максимального фолликула и диаметр желтого тела. После этого оценивали степень васкуляризации яичников с помощью васкуляризационного индекса (VI) и проводили допплерометрию обеих маточных артерий с измерением их диаметра. Определяли показатели максимальной систолической скорости (Vmax), конечно-диастолической скорости (Vmin), средней, усредненной по времени, скорости кровотока (TAMV), пульсационного индекса (PI) и индекса резистентности (IR). Заключительным этапом оценки гемодинамики являлся расчет индекса артериальной перфузии (ИАП) матки. Результаты. Выявлено, что у девушек 15-18 лет продолжается функциональное становление органов малого таза, выражающееся в росте толщины и объема эндометрия во II фазу цикла по сравнению с I фазой, диаметра желтого тела и повышения перфузии матки и яичников по мере увеличения возраста. Для МФЯ характерно увеличение размеров яичников, в которых у части девушек происходит фолликулогенез и овуляция. Для ПКЯ характерны более глубокие нарушения. Объем яичников имеет минимальный объем 9 см3, максимальный - 34,5 см3 со средними значениями 14,5-17,8 см3, который увеличивается по мере роста девушек. У девушек 15-18 лет в яичниках отсутствуют доминантный фолликул и соответственно желтое тело. Васкуляризация ПКЯ снижена, имея значения васкуляризационного индекса от 0 до 8,0%. Индекс резистентности маточных артерий высокий, достигающий 1,0 у 38,8% девушек 17-18 лет и 50,7% - у 15-16-летних. Кроме того, при ПКЯ отмечается замедление роста матки, в связи с чем гипоплазия матки имеется у 15-16-летних больных в 34,8% и у 17-18-летних - в 22,3%. Также регистрируются монотонные значения толщины и объема эндометрия, практически не увеличивающегося во II фазе цикла. Заключение. У подростков 15-18 лет при подозрении на ПКЯ во время УЗИ диагноз правомочен только в случае регистрации не только увеличения овариального объема, но и учета функциональной активности яичника, его васкуляризации, изменения эндометрия в обе фазы цикла и оценки объема матки. Девушек с МФЯ следует относить к группе риска по развитию ПКЯ, особенно тех, у кого есть нарушения менструального цикла

Online peer editing: the influence of comments, tracked changes and perception of participation on students’ writing performance

Abstract While peer-editing is considered an important part of developing students’ academic writing, questions remain about how different types of peer-editing affect subsequent student performance. The present study looked at a group of university students (N = 149) engaged in peer editing of one another’s essays in an online security studies course. The analysis was conducted from two perspectives: feedback givers and feedback receivers. More specifically, the relationships between the giving of comments and tracking changes in peer’s work and writing score on essays were explored. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the total number of received comments and the student's writing score, whereas there was no correlation for the number of tracked changes (neither words deleted, nor words added). Surprisingly, students who assume that peers provide high quality tracked changes demonstrate worse writing performance. This research shows the importance of nuance in understanding peer editing types and their influence on students’ performance, as well as highlighting potential complexities of the interplay between students’ collaborative activities, their performance, and their attitudes

Azimuthal correlations in photoproduction and deep inelastic epep scattering at HERA

Collective behaviour of final-state hadrons, and multiparton interactions are studied in high-multiplicity ep scattering at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt(s)$ = 318 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations, as well as multiplicity, transverse momentum, and pseudorapidity distributions for charged particle multiplicities N$_{ch}$ ≥ 20 are measured. The dependence of two-particle correlations on the virtuality of the exchanged photon shows a clear transition from photoproduction to neutral current deep inelastic scattering. For the multiplicities studied, neither the measurements in photoproduction processes nor those in neutral current deep inelastic scattering indicate significant collective behaviour of the kind observed in high-multiplicity hadronic collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Comparisons of PYTHIA predictions with the measurements in photoproduction strongly indicate the presence of multiparton interactions from hadronic fluctuations of the exchanged photon