Innovational methods of development of intellectual labor for economy’s security

The notion “development of intellectual labor for the purpose of economy’s security” is viewed as development of society’s intellectual potential that includes the protected socio-economic information, developed by a person or a group of persons. The social factors that reduce economic security and their consequences in economy are given, namely: negative dynamics of implementing new progressive technologies into production, insufficient coordination of work in the sphere of innovational development, etc. The forms of intellectual development of human resources (intellectual development of personality, control over intellectual information) are offered, which bring the country’s economy to competitiveness and security. The traditional and innovational methods of intellectual labor development are studied (studying in universities and colleges, increase of personnel’s qualification in view of academic degrees (Ph.D., doctor of economics), as well as receipt of economic information through Internet resources, scientific publication, statistical information, etc.), as well as the methods of development of IT services and methods of prevention of intellectual diversions and violation of information confidentiality. It is offered to implement the program of equal initial possibilities for intellectual development of human resources in view of access to higher education, creative activities, as well as legal protection for everyone, etc. Analysis of implementation of innovational methods of intellectual labor development supposes planning activities in view of development of intellectual labor for the purpose of the region’s economy’s security.peer-reviewe

Острые респираторные инфекции у детей, перенесших в неонатальном периоде критические состояния с разной тяжестью органных дисфункций: ретроспективное когортное исследование

Background: It is assumed that the severity of the multiple organ dysfunctions syndrome (MODS) in children who have experienced critical conditions in the neonatal period is a risk factor for the development of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Objective.The Aim was to study the relationship between the severities of  organ dysfunctions in children who had undergone critical conditions  in the neonatal period, with an ARI frequency at preschool age.Methods: The study included children with MODS, the severity of which was assessed on the NEOMOD scale (moderate dysfunction 4  points, severe 5 points). An infectious index (II) was calculated since the discharge from the hospital till the age of 7: the ratio of  the number of cases ARI during the past year to the age of the child  that year, and the proportion of often ill children (OIC) — the  number of ARI 4, 6 and 5 cases per year at the age of 1, 1–3 and 4– 5 years respectively. Data on cases of ARI are obtained from the history of child development (form № 112/y).Results: The study included 198 children, 100 of them with severe  manifestations of MODS and 98 with moderate manifestations of  MODS. The groups were comparable by sex, age, social factors (age  and level of education of parents), place of residence (city / village).  II (median and 95% confidence interval) in children with severe and  moderate manifestations of MODS under 1 year were 2 (2; 3) and  1.5 (1; 2) respectively (p=0.006); 1–2 years — 1.5 (1–2) and 1 (1– 1.5) (p=0.008); 2–3 years — 1 (0.7–1.2) and 0.7 (0.5–1)  (p=0.006); 3–4 years old — 1,1 (0,8–1,3) and 0,8 (0,6–0,8)  (р=0.003); 4–5 years — 0,6 (0.6–0,7) and 0,4 (0.4–0,5) (р=0.001); 5–6 years — 0.5 (0.3–0.5) and 0.3 (0.2–0.3) (p=0.001); 6–7 years  — 0.3 (0.3–0.3) and 0.1 (0.1–0.3) (p=0.025). The OIC in the groups for the entire follow-up period was 60 (60%) and 42 (43%) respectively (p=0.011).Сonclusion: Severe manifestations of MODS in the neonatal period are associated with a higher susceptibility of children to ARI.Предполагается, что тяжесть синдрома полиорганной недостаточности (СПОН) у детей, перенесших критические состояния в неонатальном периоде, является фактором высокого  риска развития острых респираторных инфекций (ОРИ).Цель исследования — изучить связь тяжести органных дисфункций у детей, перенесших в неонатальном периоде критические состояния, с частотой ОРИ в грудном, раннем и  дошкольном возрасте.Методы. В исследование включали детей со СПОН, тяжесть которого оценивали по шкале NEOMOD (умеренная дисфункция — 4 баллов, тяжелая — 5 баллов). Для периода после  выписки из стационара и до семилетнего возраста рассчитывали инфекционный индекс —  отношение числа случаев ОРИ за прошедший год к возрасту ребенка в этот год, а также  определяли долю часто болеющих детей (ЧБД) — число ОРИ 4, 6 и 5 случаев в год в  возрасте до 1, 1–3 и 4–5 лет соответственно. Данные о случаях ОРИ получены из истории  развития ребенка (форма № 112/у).Результаты. В исследование включено 198 детей, из них 100 с тяжелыми, 98 — с умеренными проявлениями СПОН. Группы были сопоставимы по полу, возрасту, социальным факторам (возраст и уровень образования родителей), месту проживания (город/село).  Инфекционный индекс (медиана и 95% доверительный интервал) у детей с тяжелыми и  умеренными проявлениями СПОН в возрасте до 1 года составил соответственно 2 (2; 3) и  1,5 (1; 2) (р=0,006); 1–2 лет — 1,5 (1–2) и 1 (1–1,5) (р=0,008); 2–3 лет — 1 (0,7–1,2) и 0,7  (0,5–1) (р=0,006); 3–4 лет — 1,1 (0,8–1,3) и 0,8 (0,6–0,8) (р=0,003); 4–5 лет — 0,6 (0,6– 0,7) и 0,4 (0,4–0,5) (р=0,001); 5–6 лет — 0,5 (0,3–0,5) и 0,3 (0,2–0,3) (р=0,001); 6–7 лет —  0,3 (0,3–0,3) и 0,1 (0,1–0,3) (р=0,025). ЧБД в группах за весь период наблюдения было соответственно 60 (60%) и 42 (43%) (р=0,011).Заключение. Тяжелые проявления СПОН в неонатальном периоде ассоциируются с более  высокой восприимчивостью детей грудного, раннего и дошкольного возраста к ОРИ.Конфликт интересов.И.А. Беляева — чтение лекций для компании «Пфайзер Инновации

Derivatives of 9-phosphorylated acridine as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant activity and the ability to inhibit β-amyloid self-aggregation: potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease

We investigated the inhibitory activities of novel 9-phosphoryl-9,10-dihydroacridines and 9-phosphorylacridines against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase (CES). We also studied the abilities of the new compounds to interfere with the self-aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ42) in the thioflavin test as well as their antioxidant activities in the ABTS and FRAP assays. We used molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum-chemical calculations to explain experimental results. All new compounds weakly inhibited AChE and off-target CES. Dihydroacridines with aryl substituents in the phosphoryl moiety inhibited BChE; the most active were the dibenzyloxy derivative 1d and its diphenethyl bioisostere 1e (IC50 = 2.90 ± 0.23 µM and 3.22 ± 0.25 µM, respectively). Only one acridine, 2d, an analog of dihydroacridine, 1d, was an effective BChE inhibitor (IC50 = 6.90 ± 0.55 μM), consistent with docking results. Dihydroacridines inhibited Aβ42 self-aggregation; 1d and 1e were the most active (58.9% ± 4.7% and 46.9% ± 4.2%, respectively). All dihydroacridines 1 demonstrated high ABTS•+-scavenging and iron-reducing activities comparable to Trolox, but acridines 2 were almost inactive. Observed features were well explained by quantum-chemical calculations. ADMET parameters calculated for all compounds predicted favorable intestinal absorption, good blood–brain barrier permeability, and low cardiac toxicity. Overall, the best results were obtained for two dihydroacridine derivatives 1d and 1e with dibenzyloxy and diphenethyl substituents in the phosphoryl moiety. These compounds displayed high inhibition of BChE activity and Aβ42 self-aggregation, high antioxidant activity, and favorable predicted ADMET profiles. Therefore, we consider 1d and 1e as lead compounds for further in-depth studies as potential anti-AD preparations

Core Proteome of the Minimal Cell: Comparative Proteomics of Three Mollicute Species

Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) have been recognized as highly evolved prokaryotes with an extremely small genome size and very limited coding capacity. Thus, they may serve as a model of a ‘minimal cell’: a cell with the lowest possible number of genes yet capable of autonomous self-replication. We present the results of a comparative analysis of proteomes of three mycoplasma species: A. laidlawii, M. gallisepticum, and M. mobile. The core proteome components found in the three mycoplasma species are involved in fundamental cellular processes which are necessary for the free living of cells. They include replication, transcription, translation, and minimal metabolism. The members of the proteome core seem to be tightly interconnected with a number of interactions forming core interactome whether or not additional species-specific proteins are located on the periphery. We also obtained a genome core of the respective organisms and compared it with the proteome core. It was found that the genome core encodes 73 more proteins than the proteome core. Apart of proteins which may not be identified due to technical limitations, there are 24 proteins that seem to not be expressed under the optimal conditions

The Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children who Have Undergone Critical Conditions in the Neonatal Period, Depending on the Severity оf Organ Dysfunction. Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: It is assumed that the severity of the multiple organ dysfunctions syndrome (MODS) in children who have experienced critical conditions in the neonatal period is a risk factor for the development of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Objective.The Aim was to study the relationship between the severities of  organ dysfunctions in children who had undergone critical conditions  in the neonatal period, with an ARI frequency at preschool age.Methods: The study included children with MODS, the severity of which was assessed on the NEOMOD scale (moderate dysfunction 4  points, severe 5 points). An infectious index (II) was calculated since the discharge from the hospital till the age of 7: the ratio of  the number of cases ARI during the past year to the age of the child  that year, and the proportion of often ill children (OIC) — the  number of ARI 4, 6 and 5 cases per year at the age of 1, 1–3 and 4– 5 years respectively. Data on cases of ARI are obtained from the history of child development (form № 112/y).Results: The study included 198 children, 100 of them with severe  manifestations of MODS and 98 with moderate manifestations of  MODS. The groups were comparable by sex, age, social factors (age  and level of education of parents), place of residence (city / village).  II (median and 95% confidence interval) in children with severe and  moderate manifestations of MODS under 1 year were 2 (2; 3) and  1.5 (1; 2) respectively (p=0.006); 1–2 years — 1.5 (1–2) and 1 (1– 1.5) (p=0.008); 2–3 years — 1 (0.7–1.2) and 0.7 (0.5–1)  (p=0.006); 3–4 years old — 1,1 (0,8–1,3) and 0,8 (0,6–0,8)  (р=0.003); 4–5 years — 0,6 (0.6–0,7) and 0,4 (0.4–0,5) (р=0.001); 5–6 years — 0.5 (0.3–0.5) and 0.3 (0.2–0.3) (p=0.001); 6–7 years  — 0.3 (0.3–0.3) and 0.1 (0.1–0.3) (p=0.025). The OIC in the groups for the entire follow-up period was 60 (60%) and 42 (43%) respectively (p=0.011).Сonclusion: Severe manifestations of MODS in the neonatal period are associated with a higher susceptibility of children to ARI

The Prevalence of Chronic Diseases in Children who Have Undergone Critical Periods with A Different Severity of Organ Dysfunction in the Neonatal Period: A Retrospective Cohort Study

It is assumed that the severity of the multiple organ dysfunctions syndrome (MODS) in children who have experienced critical conditions in the neonatal period may influence the prevalence of chronic diseases in the preschool age. The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the severity of organ dysfunction in children who had undergone critical conditions in the neonatal period, and the prevalence of chronic diseases in preschool age. Methods. The study included children with MODS, the severity of which was assessed on the NEOMOD scale (moderate dysfunction ≤4 points, severe ≥5 points). Data on the prevalence of chronic diseases were obtained from the history of the child’s development (form № 112/y), a card for preventive medical examination of a minor (form № 030-PO/y-12), objective examination data, laboratory and instrumental survey methods, examination data by narrow specialists. Results. The study included 198 children, 100 of them with severe manifestations of SPON and 98 with moderate manifestations of SPON. The groups were comparable by sex, age, social factors (age and level of education of parents), place of residence (city/ village). Chronic diseases in preschool age occurred in 54% and 26% of cases, respectively, p<0.001. The most frequent were psychiatric and behavioral disorders: 40% and 16%, p<0.001, including coarse psychomotor development delay (PDD) of 18% and 1%, p <0.001; diseases of the nervous system: 30 and 14%, p=0.010, including cerebral palsy (CP) 25% and 8%, p=0.002; diseases of the eye: 28% and 24%, p=0.517, including amblyopia 8% and 3% of cases, p=0.113, respectively. Disability occurred in 19 (19%) cases in the main group, and in 5 (5%) cases in the comparison group (p=0.003). The conclusion. Severe manifestations of MODS in the neonatal period are associated with a higher frequency of coarse PDD and CP in preschool age than mild manifestations of MODS, severe manifestations of MODS are not associated with an increase in the frequency of pathology of the eye

The Estimation of the Potential for Using Smart-Trackers as a Part of a Medical Indoor-Positioning System

This research aims to estimate the feasibility of using smart-bracelets as a part of a medicine indoor-positioning system, to monitor the health status and location of patients in a hospital. The smart-bracelet takes on the role of a token of the system and can measure pulse, blood pressure and saturation and provide data transmission over the BLE. The distance between token and anchor was calculated by the RSSI. The position of a token and anchor relative to each other was determined by the trilateration method. The results of the research showed that the accuracy of the developed system in a static position is 1.46 m and exceeds 3 m in a dynamic position. Results of experiments showed that measurements from the smart bracelets are transmitted to the server of the system without distortion. The study results indicated that smart-bracelets could be used to locate patients inside a hospital or estimate their current health state. Given the low accuracy of systolic pressure measurement, it is recommended to develop an algorithm that will allow smooth measuring error for higher-precision estimation of the patient’s general health state. In addition, it is planned to improve the positioning algorithm

The Estimation of the Potential for Using Smart-Trackers as a Part of a Medical Indoor-Positioning System

This research aims to estimate the feasibility of using smart-bracelets as a part of a medicine indoor-positioning system, to monitor the health status and location of patients in a hospital. The smart-bracelet takes on the role of a token of the system and can measure pulse, blood pressure and saturation and provide data transmission over the BLE. The distance between token and anchor was calculated by the RSSI. The position of a token and anchor relative to each other was determined by the trilateration method. The results of the research showed that the accuracy of the developed system in a static position is 1.46 m and exceeds 3 m in a dynamic position. Results of experiments showed that measurements from the smart bracelets are transmitted to the server of the system without distortion. The study results indicated that smart-bracelets could be used to locate patients inside a hospital or estimate their current health state. Given the low accuracy of systolic pressure measurement, it is recommended to develop an algorithm that will allow smooth measuring error for higher-precision estimation of the patient’s general health state. In addition, it is planned to improve the positioning algorithm