Comprehensive Assessment of Promising Potato Hybrids of Breeding VSC RAS

Using the traditional and marker-assisted selection methods, a comprehensive assessment of promising hybrids from the collection of the All-Russian Scientific Center was carried out. The assessment was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. As a result of molecular genetic analysis, hybrids were found with complex resistance to potato nematode, virus Y and X viruses - 2 / V, 5 / V, 6 / V, 17 / V, 40 / V, 43 / V, 46 / V, 54 / V, 124 / V, 9 / VI, 22a / VI, 35 / VI, 130 / VI, 71 / VII and 118 / VIII. Use of these selected forms allows optimal protection of potatoes, limitation of the spread of pathogens and prevention of the emergence of more aggressive pathotypes (races and strains). The hybrids with resistance to potato virus Y (with the presence of R-gene markers - 1/I, 3/I, 10/I, 13/I, 11/II, 15/III, 2/V, 5/V, 6/V, 7/V, 10/V/1140, 17/V, 40/V, 43/V, 46/V, 54/V, 124/V, 9/VI, 22a/VI, 35/VI, 100/VI, 130/VI, 71/VII) are of interest for practical breeding, as well as the hybrids with resistance to Phytophthora infestans such as 15/III, 119/IX and the hybrids 15 / III, 35 / VI, 130 / VI and 71 / VII, which have high marketable yield and weight of tuber. Keywords: potato, interspecific hybrids, marker-assisted breeding, resistance gene

Innovative Industrial Clusters in the Context of Digitalization and Sustainable Competitiveness

To ensure Russia's sustainable competitiveness, it is necessary to create an infrastructure that allows creating globally competitive technologies and products. The authors suggest that industrial clusters can drive the country’s sustainable economic and innovative development. The research methodology is based on the content of the concept of sustainable competitiveness and cluster theory. The study was carried out using the methods of regression analysis. The systematization of foreign and Russian researchers’ ideas contribute to the conclusion that the cluster approach for ensuring sustainable development and competitiveness in the digital era is regarded as absolutely reasonable. In order to test the hypothesis of the study using regression analysis, a model has been built to assess the dependence and influence of the number of clusters in Russia Federal Districts on the main indicators of economic innovative development of these territories. The regression models constructed by the authors demonstrate a clear dependence of region economic and innovative development indicators on the clustering level. The authors of the present research recognize that clustering should be considered one of the basic elements in the system of national and regional sustainable competitiveness

Construction of stably maintained non-mobilizable derivatives of RSF1010 lacking all known elements essential for mobilization

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>RSF1010 is a well-studied broad-host-range plasmid able to be mobilized to different bacteria and plants. RSF1010-derived plasmid vectors are widely used in both basic research and industrial applications. In the latter case, exploiting of mobilizable plasmids or even the plasmids possessing negligible mobilization frequency, but containing DNA fragments that could promote conjugal transfer, is undesirable because of biosafety considerations. Previously, several mutations significantly decreasing efficiency of RSF1010 mobilization have been selected. Nevertheless, construction of the RSF1010 derivative lacking all known loci involved in the conjugal transfer has not been reported yet.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Novel non-mobilizable derivatives of RSF1010 lacking all known DNA sequences involved in the mobilization process have been obtained due to the exploiting of λRed-driven recombination between the plasmid and a constructed <it>in vitro </it>linear DNA fragment. To provide auto-regulated transcription of the essential replication gene, <it>repB</it>, the plasmid loci <it>oriT</it>, <it>mobC </it>and <it>mobA </it>were substituted by the DNA fragment containing P_{<it>lac</it>UV5}→<it>lacI</it>. Mobilization of the obtained RSFmob plasmid was not detected in standard tests. The derivative of RSFmob with increased copy number has been obtained after <it>lacI </it>elimination. High stability of both constructed plasmids has been demonstrated in <it>Escherichia coli </it>and <it>Pantoea ananatis</it>. Design of RSFmob allows easy substitution of P_{<it>lac</it>UV5}by any desirable promoter for construction of novel derivatives with changed copy number or host range.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Novel non-mobilizable derivatives of RSF1010 lacking all known DNA sequences involved in the mobilization process and stably maintained at least in <it>E. coli </it>and <it>P. ananatis </it>have been constructed. The obtained plasmids became the progenitors of new cloning vectors answering all biosafety requirements of genetically modified organisms used in scale-up production.</p

Development of Regional Innovative Clusters and Supply Chain Strategy in Terms of Lean Production Principles

The article considers the genesis, content and relevance of the cluster approach in socio-economic regional development. Certain aspects of the innovativeness of this approach have been discussed in a number of national strategic documents since 2008. In our opinion, their further development and updating is relevant for the upcoming international forum, “Partnership for Cluster development: Creating the future,†which will be held in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020. The key goal as part of the development of regional innovative clusters is the development of effective intra-cluster interaction to increase labor productivity. The authors introduce the hypothesis regarding the increase of production systems' efficiency. The necessity of implementing the lean production concept according to the certain cluster model is identified and justified. In relation to this, the conditions and possibilities of having a synergies-tic effect on the joint, interconnected and mutually reinforcing use of lean principles are analyzed. In addition, the model that is implemented by all the participants in the innovative cluster in the product value chain is developed. The authors refer to provisions in international and domestic documents on the sphere of cluster development, recommendations from the national standard GOST R 57524-2017 “Lean production. Value Stream,†methods for calculating process performance indicators, product stocks in buffers, and cycle time of the reverse processes. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the implementation of lean production principles for the development of innovative regional clusters is universal and effective. Moreover, it has a high degree of feasibility for any organizational model of a cluster. There is scientific and practical interest in the implementation of the entire complex of lean principles to provide for the quality of products and processes, as well as their continuous improvement

Dual-In/Out strategy for genes integration into bacterial chromosome: a novel approach to step-by-step construction of plasmid-less marker-less recombinant E. coli strains with predesigned genome structure

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The development of modern producer strains with metabolically engineered pathways poses special problems that often require manipulating many genes and expressing them individually at different levels or under separate regulatory controls. The construction of plasmid-less marker-less strains has many advantages for the further practical exploitation of these bacteria in industry. Such producer strains are usually constructed by sequential chromosome modifications including deletions and integration of genetic material. For these purposes complex methods based on <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo </it>recombination processes have been developed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we describe the new scheme of insertion of the foreign DNA for step-by-step construction of plasmid-less marker-less recombinant <it>E. coli </it>strains with chromosome structure designed in advance. This strategy, entitled as Dual-In/Out, based on the initial Red-driven insertion of artificial φ80-<it>attB </it>sites into desired points of the chromosome followed by two site-specific recombination processes: first, the φ80 system is used for integration of the recombinant DNA based on selective marker-carrier conditionally-replicated plasmid with φ80-<it>attP</it>-site, and second, the λ system is used for excision of inserted vector part, including the plasmid <it>ori</it>-replication and the marker, flanked by λ-<it>attL/R</it>-sites.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The developed Dual-In/Out strategy is a rather straightforward, but convenient combination of previously developed recombination methods: phages site-specific and general Red/ET-mediated. This new approach allows us to detail the design of future recombinant marker-less strains, carrying, in particular, rather large artificial insertions that could be difficult to introduce by usually used PCR-based Recombineering procedure. The developed strategy is simple and could be particularly useful for construction of strains for the biotechnological industry.</p

Comprehensive Assessment of Promising Potato Hybrids of Breeding VSC RAS

Using the traditional and marker-assisted selection methods, a comprehensive assessment of promising hybrids from the collection of the All-Russian Scientific Center was carried out. The assessment was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. As a result of molecular genetic analysis, hybrids were found with complex resistance to potato nematode, virus Y and X viruses - 2 / V, 5 / V, 6 / V, 17 / V, 40 / V, 43 / V, 46 / V, 54 / V, 124 / V, 9 / VI, 22a / VI, 35 / VI, 130 / VI, 71 / VII and 118 / VIII. Use of these selected forms allows optimal protection of potatoes, limitation of the spread of pathogens and prevention of the emergence of more aggressive pathotypes (races and strains). The hybrids with resistance to potato virus Y (with the presence of R-gene markers - 1/I, 3/I, 10/I, 13/I, 11/II, 15/III, 2/V, 5/V, 6/V, 7/V, 10/V/1140, 17/V, 40/V, 43/V, 46/V, 54/V, 124/V, 9/VI, 22a/VI, 35/VI, 100/VI, 130/VI, 71/VII) are of interest for practical breeding, as well as the hybrids with resistance to Phytophthora infestans such as 15/III, 119/IX and the hybrids 15 / III, 35 / VI, 130 / VI and 71 / VII, which have high marketable yield and weight of tuber. Keywords: potato, interspecific hybrids, marker-assisted breeding, resistance gene

Growing, Structure and Optical Properties of LiNbO₃:B Crystals, a Material for Laser Radiation Transformation

Physical and chemical properties have been studied in lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) crystals grown by Czochralski from a boron doped melt. Optical uniformity and optical damage resistance of LiNbO3:B crystals have been compared with control crystals of nominally pure congruent (CLN) and near-stoichiometric (NSLN K2O) composition. LiNbO3:B crystals structure has been studied. Studied LiNbO3:B crystals have been grown from differently synthesized charges. The charges have been synthesized from a mixture Nb2O5:B-Li2CO3 using homogeneously doped Nb2O5:B precursor (sample 1, (B) = 0.0034 wt% in the charge) and by a direct solid phase synthesis from Nb2O5-Li2CO3-H3BO3 mixture (sample 2, (B) = 0.0079 wt% in the charge). Only traces of boron (10−5–10−4 wt%) have been detected in the samples. We have established that concentration of anti-site defects NbLi is lower in both LiNbO3:B than in CLN crystals. XRD analysis has confirmed that B3+ cations localize in faces of tetrahedral voids O4 of LN structure. The voids act as buffers at the anion sublattice distortion. Sample 1 has been shown to have a structure closer to NSLN K2O crystal than sample 2. We have also shown that the chemical purity of LN crystal increases compared to the melt purity because boron creates strong compounds with impurities in the melt system Li2O-Nb2O5-B2O3. Metals impurities thus stay in the melt and do not transfer to the crystal