61 research outputs found
Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in Heavy Metal-Induced Neurotoxicity: Effects of Cadmium, Mercury, and Copper
To clarify the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) in heavy-metal-induced neurotoxicity, we studied action of Cd2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+ on cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, respiratory function, and mitochondrial membrane potential of rat cell line PC12. As found, the metals produced, although in a different way, dose- and time-dependent changes of all these parameters. Importantly, Cd2+ beginning from 10β[mu]M and already at short incubation time (3βh) significantly inhibited the FCCP-uncoupled cell respiration; besides, practically the complete inhibition of the respiration was reached after 3βh incubation with 50β[mu]M Hg2+ or 500β[mu]M Cd2+, whereas even after 48βh exposure with 500β[mu]M Cu2+, only a 50% inhibition of the respiration occurred. Against the Cd2+-induced cell injury, not only different antioxidants and mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors were protective but also such mtETC effectors as FCCP and stigmatellin (complex III inhibitor). However, all mtETC effectors used did not protect against the Hg2+- or Cu2+-induced cell damage. Notably, stigmatellin was shown to be one of the strongest protectors against the Cd2+-induced cell damage, producing a 15β20% increase in the cell viability. The mechanisms of the mtETC involvement in the heavy-metal-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cell death are discussed
Research on the Effectiveness of Studentsβ Communicative Competence Formation
The formation of communicative competence among university students is becoming especially relevant in the uncertain and changeable world. In the study, competencies of a general nature are called invariant by the theory of the structure of the content of education, developed by Academician V. S. Lednev. The paper focuses on the effectiveness of the formation of studentsβ invariant communicative competence in a nontraditional form of education - joint training of Russian and international students. The results of the study show that co-education of Russian and foreign students contributes to the development of their invariant communicative competencies better than traditional education. The novelty of the research is the formation of studentsβ invariant communicative competence occurs in conditions different from traditional teaching. Namely, it occurs in the process of joint training of Russian students with foreign citizens. Research materials can be used in the work of higher educational institutions
A new endemic species of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae: Sesuvioideae) from the Caribbean Basin, with further notes on the genus composition in the West Indies
A distinctive new species, Sesuvium curassavicum Sukhor. (Aizoaceae: Sesuvioideae), restricted to the Caribbean Basin (Kingdom of the Netherlands: Curacao and Bonaire Islands, North Colombia: La Guajira Department, and North Venezuela: Falcon State), is described and illustrated. It differs from all other perennial species growing in the West Indies by its papillate stems and wrinkled seeds. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA (ITS) and three plastid regions (rps16 gene intron, atpB-rbcL and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers), S. curassavicum is included in the 'American' clade, but its relationships are not fully resolved. The samples of the plants known as S. microphyllum fall within the 'Sesuvium portulacastrum' clade, and for that reason this species is considered here as a synonym of S. portulacastrum being an ecological form of the latter species. Sesuvium revolutifolium, S. ortegae and S. revolutum, described from cultivated plants are established as earlier synonyms of S. verrucosum, for which S. revolutifolium has priority and is proposed here as the correct name. These three species names seem to share the same provenance which cannot be Cuba, as stated in the protologue for S. revolutifolium, but rather Mexico. The name Sesuvium sessile is discussed and merged with S. portulacastrum. A new diagnostic key to the Sesuvium species in the West Indies is provided. In total, we accept for the West Indies the following species: S. curassavicum, S. humifusum, S. maritimum, S. portulacastrum and S. rubriflorum. The origins of collections of the neotype of Radiana petiolata and the holotypes of Sesuvium microphyllum and S. spathulatum are clarified.Peer reviewe
Paucity and preferential suppression of transgenes in late replication domains of the D. melanogaster genome
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Eukaryotic genomes are organized in extended domains with distinct features intimately linking genome structure, replication pattern and chromatin state. Recently we identified a set of long late replicating euchromatic regions that are underreplicated in salivary gland polytene chromosomes of <it>D. melanogaster</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we demonstrate that these underreplicated regions (URs) have a low density of <it>P</it>-<it>element </it>and <it>piggyBac </it>insertions compared to the genome average or neighboring regions. In contrast, <it>Minos</it>-based transposons show no paucity in URs but have a strong bias to testis-specific genes. We estimated the suppression level in 2,852 stocks carrying a single <it>P</it>-<it>element </it>by analysis of eye color determined by the mini-<it>white </it>marker gene and demonstrate that the proportion of suppressed transgenes in URs is more than three times higher than in the flanking regions or the genomic average. The suppressed transgenes reside in intergenic, genic or promoter regions of the annotated genes. We speculate that the low insertion frequency of <it>P-elemen</it>ts and <it>piggyBac</it>s in URs partially results from suppression of transgenes that potentially could prevent identification of transgenes due to complete suppression of the marker gene. In a similar manner, the proportion of suppressed transgenes is higher in loci replicating late or very late in Kc cells and these loci have a lower density of <it>P-elements </it>and <it>piggyBac </it>insertions. In transgenes with two marker genes suppression of mini-<it>white </it>gene in eye coincides with suppression of <it>yellow </it>gene in bristles.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the late replication domains have a high inactivation potential apparently linked to the silenced or closed chromatin state in these regions, and that such inactivation potential is largely maintained in different tissues.</p
ΠΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ: ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Background: It is assumed that the severity of the multiple organ dysfunctions syndrome (MODS) in children who have experiencedΒ critical conditions in the neonatal period is a risk factor for the development of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Objective.The AimΒ was to study the relationship between the severities ofΒ organ dysfunctions in children who had undergone critical conditionsΒ in theΒ neonatal period, with an ARI frequency at preschool age.Methods: The study included children with MODS, the severity of which wasΒ assessed on the NEOMOD scale (moderate dysfunction 4Β points, severe 5 points). An infectious index (II) was calculated sinceΒ the discharge from the hospital till the age of 7: the ratio ofΒ the number of cases ARI during the past year to the age of the childΒ thatΒ year, and the proportion of often ill children (OIC) β theΒ number of ARI 4, 6 and 5 cases per year at the age of 1, 1β3 and 4β 5Β years respectively. Data on cases of ARI are obtained from the history of child development (form β 112/y).Results: The studyΒ included 198 children, 100 of them with severeΒ manifestations of MODS and 98 with moderate manifestations ofΒ MODS. The groupsΒ were comparable by sex, age, social factors (ageΒ and level of education of parents), place of residence (city / village).Β II (median andΒ 95% confidence interval) in children with severe andΒ moderate manifestations of MODS under 1 year were 2 (2; 3) andΒ 1.5 (1; 2)Β respectively (p=0.006); 1β2 years β 1.5 (1β2) and 1 (1β 1.5) (p=0.008); 2β3 years β 1 (0.7β1.2) and 0.7 (0.5β1)Β (p=0.006); 3β4Β years old β 1,1 (0,8β1,3) and 0,8 (0,6β0,8)Β (Ρ=0.003); 4β5 years β 0,6 (0.6β0,7) and 0,4 (0.4β0,5) (Ρ=0.001); 5β6 years β 0.5Β (0.3β0.5) and 0.3 (0.2β0.3) (p=0.001); 6β7 yearsΒ β 0.3 (0.3β0.3) and 0.1 (0.1β0.3) (p=0.025). The OIC in the groups for the entireΒ follow-up period was 60 (60%) and 42 (43%) respectively (p=0.011).Π‘onclusion: Severe manifestations of MODS in the neonatalΒ period are associated with a higher susceptibility of children to ARI.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π‘ΠΠΠ) Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠ Π).Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Β Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ Π Π² Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎ Π‘ΠΠΠ, ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅ NEOMOD (ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°ΡΒ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ β 4 Π±Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ β 5 Π±Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ²). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Β Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ βΒ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΠ Π Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΒ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅Β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (Π§ΠΠ) β ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΠ Π 4, 6 ΠΈ 5 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Β Π²Β Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 1, 1β3 ΠΈ 4β5 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΠ Π ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΒ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Β (ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° β 112/Ρ).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 198 Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
100 Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, 98 β Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΠΠ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ (Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡΒ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ), ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄/ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ).Β ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ (ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ 95% Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΒ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π») Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΠΠ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 1 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 2 (2; 3) ΠΈΒ 1,5 (1; 2) (Ρ=0,006); 1β2 Π»Π΅Ρ β 1,5 (1β2) ΠΈ 1 (1β1,5) (Ρ=0,008); 2β3 Π»Π΅Ρ β 1 (0,7β1,2) ΠΈ 0,7Β (0,5β1)Β (Ρ=0,006); 3β4 Π»Π΅Ρ β 1,1 (0,8β1,3) ΠΈ 0,8 (0,6β0,8) (Ρ=0,003); 4β5 Π»Π΅Ρ β 0,6 (0,6β 0,7) ΠΈ 0,4 (0,4β0,5) (Ρ=0,001);Β 5β6 Π»Π΅Ρ β 0,5 (0,3β0,5) ΠΈ 0,3 (0,2β0,3) (Ρ=0,001); 6β7 Π»Π΅Ρ βΒ 0,3 (0,3β0,3) ΠΈ 0,1 (0,1β0,3) (Ρ=0,025). Π§ΠΠ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Β Π·Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 60 (60%) ΠΈ 42 (43%) (Ρ=0,011).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΠΠ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅Β Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΠ Π.ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ².Π.Π. ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Π²Π° β ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ Β«ΠΡΠ°ΠΉΠ·Π΅Ρ ΠΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Π¦ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ: Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ)
Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) in newborns and infants can occur in various clinical forms requiring a differentiated therapy. We present the peculiarities of two different variants of CMVI course generalized with a manifest clinical picture and characteristic shifts in laboratory analyzes in a child aged 2.5 months with a combined genetic pathology, and latent intrauterine in a child aged 5 days leading to the development of neurosensory hearing loss. The difficulties in diagnosing a suppressed (latent) form of the disease and choosing a therapeutic approach have been highlighted. A successful result of etiopathogenetic therapy with ganciclovir in a child with postnatal generalized CMVI has been presented. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of off-label ganciclovir preparations and anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin have been confirmed. The advisability of including ganciclovir in the management protocol of children with latent forms of CMVI is discussed.Π¦ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ (Π¦ΠΠΠ) Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π¦ΠΠΠ β Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 2,5 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ- ΡΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 5 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΉ (Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π¦ΠΠΠ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ off-label ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π¦ΠΠΠ.ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½.ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ: Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ
The priority of breastfeeding in the care of premature infants is not in doubt. For preterm babies, breastfeeding provides a dual effect, reducing the risk of both immediate and long-term effects associated with prematurity. In this regard, extraordinary efforts are being made at the international level to promote and support breast-feeding of newborns, including in intensive care units. Motherβs own milk is the first choice for feeding a premature baby. In recent years, the problems of quality and safety of expressed breast milk β both pasteurized and fresh β for newborn patients of intensive care units are discussed. The authors point out that the treatment procedures and storage conditions of expressed breast milk differ significantly; there are no common criteria for its microbiological safety, which limits the use of this unique product, especially in premature infants. In addition to the risk of bacterial infection, the risk of infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) when using fresh milk from a CMV β seropositive mother is discussed for premature infants. The review examines the criteria for the risk of CMV infection in children and indications for selective treatment of breast milk for inactivation of a probable pathogen.ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ° β ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ β Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ (Π¦ΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π¦ΠΠ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π¦ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°
ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ
The article describes the modern views on the relationship between altered development of gut microbiota in infants and the risk of developing atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma). The studies of genetic susceptibility to atopy and the influence of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression responsible for the hyperproduction of immunoglobulin E are discussed. The characteristics of the microbiota of infants with already developed atopic diseases and children at risk of atopy are analyzed. In infants who subsequently developed atopy, the composition of gut microbiota at the birth is characterized by a reduced abundance of bifidobacteriaΒ and high content of potentially pathogenic microorganisms.Β The triggering role of active metabolites of altered microbiota on the differentiation of T-regulatoryΒ cells has been established.Β A preventive effect of optimal breastfeeding has been confirmed: meta-analyzes of recent studies indicate a link between the duration of breastfeedingΒ and a decrease in the frequency of bronchial asthma. The microbiota of breast milk contributes to the proper development of the infantβs microbiota, determines its diversity and immunomodulating action. On the basis of the conducted research, methods of targeted correction of the intestinal microbiota in children with risk of atopy can be developed.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΒ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΒ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ). ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Β Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Β ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΡΒ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² Ρ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π£ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈΒ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ β ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π’-ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°ΡΒ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΒ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ:Β ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΒ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΒ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΒ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΌΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΒ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ° Π³ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Premature infants are especially in need of timely and effective specific immunoprophylaxis due to their vulnerability to infectious diseases. The article describes the basic principles for vaccination of premature infants used in healthcare by the leading countries of the world. Based on the results of clinical trials, the peculiarities of the vaccination schedule for certain infections have been determined, the specific features of the course of the post-vaccinal period have been described. The operating procedures for active immunoprophylaxis of various types of infections have been explained in detail depending on the pathology and the therapy being performed. The article uses the key points of the recommended practices for prevention of the main controlled types of infections developed by the professional association of pediatricians βUnion of Pediatricians of Russiaβ and approved by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Β«Π‘ΠΎΡΠ· ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π Π€
- β¦