INFLUENCE OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUND FROM SUBSTITUTED THIADIAZINES ON TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY IN MYOCARDIAL HOMOGENATE IN EXPERIMENTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective: Earlier works have reported on the effectiveness of the compounds of the group of substituted 5R1, 6R2, 3,4-thiadiasine-2-amines for treating experimental myocardial infarction, conditioned by the immune-modifying action of the compound. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of the L17 compound of the group of substituted 5R1, 6R2, 3,4-thiadiasine-2-amines on the extent of injury and the possible recurrence of experimental myocardial infarction by the dynamic assessment of transaminase activity in blood and myocardial homogenate (tissue).Methods: Modelling of myocardial infarction in rats was performed in accordance with the author's modification of the standard ligation model. Tissue enzyme activity of LDH and CK-MB was evaluated at days 1, 7, and 14.Results: According to the results, the decrease in LDH 1-2 activity in tissue (after experimental myocardial infarction) corresponded to the increase in enzyme activity in blood on the first day of the experiment. However, on the seventh day of the experiment, the decrease of LDH 1-2 activities in the tissue of animals treated with L17 compound corresponded with the decrease of LDH activity in blood, while in non-treated animals the relation between the enzyme levels in blood and tissue was typical for the onset of MI.Conclusions: The evaluation of enzyme levels in myocardial tissue confirms previouslyreported data that the administration of a thiadiazine compounds prevents the recurrence and decreases the size of experimental myocardial infarction.Â

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR ISOFLAVONES FROM PLANT RAW MATERIALS

Isoflavones, a significant class of plant polyphenols, are recognized for their health benefits, including cholesterol reduction, cancer prevention, and mitigation of osteoporosis and menopause symptoms. This study focuses on optimizing the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of isoflavones from kudzu (Pueraria montana) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) flowers, which are rich in these compounds. The extraction process was optimized by varying pressure, time, and co-solvent types. Comparisons were made with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and conventional extraction methods to evaluate yield, antioxidant activities, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content in the extracts.The research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation № 24-25-20147 (https://rscf.ru/project/24-25-20147) and the Government of the Sverdlovsk region

Инсулин-позитивные клетки печени и экзокринной части поджелудочной железы у животных с экспериментальным сахарным диабетом

Aim. To compare the number of insulin+ cells in the liver and exocrine part of the pancreas with the type of experimental diabetes, blood glycose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and with the number of Pdx1+ cells. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 25 male Wistar rats (weighting (303.0 ± 25.3) g) that were divided into 3 groups: The first group consisted of intact animals, the second had animals with experimental diabetes type 1, and the third with animals with experimental diabetes type 2. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, ELISA methods and statistical analysis were used. Results. Insulin+ and Pdx1+ cells of rats with experimental diabetes were found in the liver and exocrine part of pancreas. The highest number of insulin+ cells in the liver was detected in type 2 diabetes (T2D). A strong positive correlation between the number of insulin+ cells in the liver and level of glycosylated hemoglobin in theblood was revealed in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. Insulin+ cells are detected in the liver and acinar part of pancreas of both intact rats and rats with experimental diabetes. Group with T2D is characterized by the highest number of insulin+ cells in the liver compared with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The localization of insulin+ cells in the liver changes depending on the type of diabetes. In T2D insulin+ cells are located in all parts of liver acini, meanwhile in animals with T1D such cells are mainly detected in the periportal area. The expression of Pdx1+ in acinar cells of pancreas and liver cells is likely a mechanism for their reprogramming into insulin+ cells in experimental diabetes mellitus. © 2020 Siberian State Medical University. All rights reserved.This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 16-1500039-P and the budget project No. АААА-А18-118020590108-7 of the Institute of Immunology and Physiology, UB RAS

Parameters of Pinus sibirica Photosynthetic Apparatus for Phenotyping Trees in the High-Altitude Zone of the Western Sayan

Подъем верхней границы леса в горных районах путем освоения подростом новых территорий связан с глобальным повышением температуры. В пихтово-кедровых лесах Западного Саяна пионерным видом в составе подроста является сосна сибирская – Pinus sibirica Du Tour., формирующая на верхней границе леса структурные и физиологические адаптации. Данная работа нацелена на изучение возможности использования параметров быстрой флуоресценции хлорофилла и пигментного комплекса хвои для фенотипирования деревьев P. sibirica в условиях высотной поясности (на примере хребта Ергаки Западного Саяна). В качестве объектов исследования были выбраны молодые деревья второго класса возраста. В пределах каждой из четырех пробных площадей, расположенных по трансекте на высотах от 1450 м до 1650 м над уровнем моря, были промаркированы по 20 типичных экземпляров. Образцы хвои второго года жизни собирали с боковых побегов второго порядка. Параметры флуоресценции хлорофилла и фотосинтетической активности хвои регистрировали на приборах Junior PAM и IMAGING-PAM M-Series MAXI Version (HeinzWalzGmbH, Германия). Содержание пигментов, экстрагированных в этиловом спирте, определяли на спектрофотометре SPEKOL 1300 Analytik Jenna AG. В ходе исследования установлено, что для фенотипирования растений из различных местообитаний необходимо формировать собственный набор параметров, характеризующих фотосинтетический аппарат сосны сибирской. В летний период на открытых участках обитания сосны сибирской, расположенных выше границы леса, для прогнозирования увеличения массы хвои важными являются скорость фотосинтетического электронного транспорта, соотношение хлорофиллов и каротиноидов в пигментном комплексе, а также величина нефотохимического тушения флуоресценции. Для деревьев, входящих в состав лесных фитоценозов, информативными параметрами являются скорость фотосинтетического электронного транспорта, величина максимального квантового выхода фотосистемы II и содержание хлорофиллов в хвоеThe shift of the timberline towards higher altitudes in mountainous areas through undergrowth species invasion of new territories is caused by the global warming. In the fir-pine forests of the Western Saуan, the pioneer species is the Siberian pine, Pinus sibirica Du Tour. On the upper forest border, plants were discovered to show structural and physiological adaptations. This work aims to evaluate fast chlorophyll fluorescence and other parameters of the pigment complex of needles as a tool for phenotyping P. sibirica trees in the high-altitude zone (the Ergaki Ridge of the Western Sayan). Young Siberian pine trees of the second age class were selected for the study. Within each of the four sample plots located at altitudes from 1450 m to 1650 m, 20 typical specimens were marked. Samples of 2-year-old needles were collected from lateral shoots of the second order. Parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic activity of needles were recorded on Junior-PAM and IMAGING-PAM M-Series MAXI Version devices (Heinzwalzg GmbH, Germany). Quantitative determination of pigments in an alcohol extract was carried out using a SPEKOL 1300 AnalytikJenna AG spectrophotometer. It was revealed that it is necessary to use different sets of structural and functional parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus for phenotyping plants from different habitats. In the summer period, the important parameters for predicting an increase in needle mass in the open Siberian pine habitats located above the forest border can be the electron transport rate, the (chlorophyll a + chlorophyll b)/carotenoids ratio in the pigment complex, as well as the value of non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence. In forest communities, the appropriate parameters are the rate of photosynthetic electron transport, the value of photosystem II maximum quantum yield and the content of chlorophylls in needle

Influence of fire on soil temperatures of pine forests of the middle taiga, central Siberia, Russia

Temperatures of sandy podzols of middle taiga pine forests with moss and lichen ground cover were analyzed which had been exposed to ground fires of low to medium intensity. In general, temperatures in lichen and moss plots of the pine forests under study, are close to each similar, but in the first year after a fire a noticeable contrast was observed. The reasons are an increase in the amplitude of daily temperatures on the soil surface and stronger heating of upper mineral layers. Temperatures in the mineral layer with depths up to 30 cm depend on the thickness of the forest floor. Analysis of the results show that the duration of post-fire effects in pine forests with sandy podzols is determined by a number of factors: the intensity of the fire, the degree of erosion of the ground cover and litter, and the recovery rate of these components

Timberline and treeline dynamics:

In the context of climate change, one of the important issues in assessing the state of mountain forest ecosystems is the study of the upward movement of the tree line (tree line) and forest line (timberline). To determine the potential of a particular species when moving up the slope, the functional characteristics of the needles are of great importance. This paper considers changes in the pigment composition of needles and the depth of winter dormancy of two coniferous species Pinus sibirica and Abies sibirica growing in the area of the Ergaki Ridge of the Western Sayan

Morphofunctional condition of the pancreatic insular apparatus in old rats with alloxan-induced diabetes and its correction with lipoic acid

The concentration of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood of animals increases as a result of physiological aging. This is due to damage to the pancreatic insular apparatus and a decrease in the number and functioning of active β-cells. The development of alloxan-induced diabetes in old rats is characterized by a decrease in the number of islets of Langerhans, an enlargement of the preserved islets, and a sharp decrease in the number of active endocrine cells. The injection of lipoic acid partially corrected the morphofunctional condition of the islets of Langerhans and the biochemical values of the animals’ peripheral blood

Accelerated Generation of Extra-Islet Insulin-Producing Cells in Diabetic Rats, Treated with Sodium Phthalhydrazide

β-cells dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), partially may be compensated by the generation of extra-islet insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in pancreatic acini and ducts. Pdx1 expression and inflammatory level are suggested to be involved in the generation of extra-islet IPCs, but the exact reasons and mechanisms of it are unclear. Macrophages are key inflammatory mediators in T2D. We studied changes in mass and characteristics of extra-islet IPCs in rats with a streptozotocin-nicotinamide model of T2D and after i.m. administration of 20 daily doses of 2 mg/kg b.w. sodium aminophthalhydrazide (APH). Previously, we found that APH modulates macrophage production and increases the proliferative activity of pancreatic β-cells. Expressions of insulin and Pdx1, as well as F4/80 (macrophage marker), were detected at the protein level by immunohistochemistry analysis, the concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood and pancreas—by ELISA. Diabetic rats treated with APH showed an increasing mass of extra-islet IPCs and the content of insulin in them. The presence of Pdx1+ cells in the exocrine pancreas also increased. F4/80+ cell reduction was accompanied by increasing TGF-β1 content. Interestingly, during the development of diabetes, the mass of β-cells decreased faster than the mass of extra-islet IPCs, and extra-islet IPCs reacted to experimental T2D differently depending on their acinar or ductal location

Fluorescence methods for estimation of post-fire response of pine needles

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.Forest fire represents one of the most serious abiotic stress factors that influence the function and productivity of ecosystems globally. Siberian pine forests are often exposed to forest fires, but they are not always harmful to them. This paper discusses the possibility of using fluorescent methods to assess the thermal effects on the assimilation apparatus of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles. The assimilation apparatus of pine needles was reestablished after exposure to convective, simulating the effect of ground fire heat flow, though the recovery rate depends on the impact force. The analysis of fast and delayed fluorescence characteristics revealed differences in the thermostability of the Scots pine needles showing certain modification of physiological processes in plants under the influence of stress factors with a positive acclimation effect. The Scots pine needles grown after ground fire are more resistant to the recurrent sublethal temperature, and this effect is maintained during the next growing season. This paper suggests that reforestation planning, particularly burning (low-intensity fire), will result in improved tree physiology that will lead to an increase in Scotch pine survival rate due to repeated heat stresses. Furthermore, the fluorescence method can be used to diagnose the thermic resilience of pine needle and assess high-temperature effects