Apoptosis is increased and cell proliferation is decreased in out-of-phase endometria from infertile and recurrent abortion patients

Various endometrial abnormalities have been associated with luteal phase deficiency: a significant dyssynchrony in the maturation of the glandular epithelium and the stroma and a prevalence of out-of-phase endometrial biopsy specimens. Out-of phase endometrium is a controversial disorder related to failed implantation, infertility and early pregnancy loss. Given that the regulation of the apoptotic process in endometrium of luteal phase deficiency is still unknown, the aim of this study was to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis and the levels of the main effector caspase, caspase-3 in the luteal in-phase and out-of-phase endometrium.Fil: Meresman, Gabriela Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Olivares, Carla Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Vighi, Susana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Alfie, Margarita. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Etchepareborda, Juan J.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentin

Paralichthys isosceles

This demersal species occurs from southern Brazil to Argentina and is taken in multi-species commercial´s fisheries that target demersal fishes through much of its range. It is a relatively minor component of the catch of Paralichthys species as compared to catch of the sympatric P. patagonicus. For purposes of this assessment, half of the global population is considered to occur in Brazil and the other half in Uruguay and Argentina. According to landings and catch per unit effort data, the demersal fish stocks of Brazil are inferred to have declined by at least 30% and possibly to 50%. Due to the lack of specific data for this species, an estimate for population decline is not available or cannot be suspected at this time. According to stock assessment and fisheries data, there is no decline detected in the demersal stock in Argentina and Uruguay and abundance indices show an increase in recent years (since 2014). Fishing effort continues at an unsustainable level in Brazil, the fishery is not well-monitored and conservation measures are insufficient. Conservation measures in Argentina and Uruguay include a total allowable catch limit and regular monitoring of stock status. Based on the potential major threat from overfishing in at least half of its global population, but lack of quantified data, it is listed as Data Deficient with a recommendation to improve fisheries monitoring, including the collection of species-specific data, as" "well as implement conservation measures to reduce effort in Brazilian fisheries.Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Patagonotothen ramsayi

This species has a relatively small range on the continental shelf and slope of the southern part of the Patagonia Sea where it plays an important ecological role as a prey item for larger marine species. The majority of its global population is concentrated in southern Argentina, including the Malvinas Islands, where the main fishing ground is located. One generation length is estimated as 10 years. It is relatively slow-growing and late to maturity with relatively low fecundity, which may cause it to be susceptible to declines when facing heavy fishing pressure. Previous to 2006, it was mostly discarded as bycatch in large quantities beginning in the 1980s. A large-scale, commercial fishery began in 2007 in the Malvinas area. In areas outside the Malvinas closer to the Argentine mainland, it is taken in fisheries in relatively small amounts. According to stock assessment models based on catch per unit effort data and fishery independent trawl surveys, the estimated biomass for the period of 2005 to 2018 was highest in 2005 and then declined by 79% to a low in 2018. According to the 2019 and 2020 survey results, biomass has continued to decline. Biomass trends prior to 2005 are poorly understood, but based on these data, it is suspected that its population has declined by 40-50% on a global-level over the past one and a half generation lengths, or 15 years. In addition, declines in length at maturity and average length of individuals in the survey catch have also occurred. The cause of decline is poorly understood, but may be attributed in part to fishing activity or a shift in the spatial distribution of its abundance to areas adjacent to the Malvinas. Several fishery management measures are in place, catches have been at a relatively low level and it is not considered overfished. Due to the uncertainty associated with the cause of decline and lack of data prior to 2005, it is not possible to estimate the population trend to cover a three generation length period (either in the past or into the future) at this time. It is listed as Data Deficient with a strong recommendation to conduct studies to improve the understanding of this decline both within the Malvinas area and areas adjacent to it.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Cottoperca trigloides, Frogmouth

This widely distributed, demersal species is associated with rocky bottoms and kelp forests. It is discarded as bycatch in trawl fisheries, but this is not expected to be driving population declines approaching a Near Threatened or threatened level at this time; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Acanthistius patachonicus, Patagonian Grouper

This rocky reef species has a relatively small range from southern Brazil to central Argentina. It is long- lived and the estimated generation length is 28.5 years. Large commercial fisheries targeted spawning aggregations of this species in the 1980s and 1990s until abundance steeply declined to the point where the market was no longer viable and at least four large areas where spawning aggregations were heavily depleted. Currently, it continues to be targeted by artisanal and industrial fisheries. The implementation of effective fishing area closures, both permanent and seasonal, in the El Rincón area is considered to provide a high level of protection for half of the global population of this species. According to fisher interviews, some level of population decline occurred within the past 40 years, or over a little more than one generation length ago. The lack of fisheries data, including a stock assessment, and the low level of understanding of the status of historical and current spawning aggregations prevents the estimation of percent population decline at this time. A secondary threat may be the reduction of habitat quality due to the invasive alga Undaria pinnatifida on shallow reefs, which has spread through much of its range. It is listed as Data Deficient with a strong recommendation to improve fishery monitoring and to conduct studies on spawning aggregations.Fil: Irigoyen, Alejo Joaquin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Sebastes oculatus, Patagonian Rockfish

This demersal, reef-associated species is common and abundant through much of its range. It is taken in fisheries at relatively low levels and may be impacted by invasive salmon. Global-level declines are not considered to be approaching a Near Threatened or threatened level at this time; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, Alejo Joaquin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi

Paralichthys patagonicus

This demersal species occurs from southern Brazil to northern Argentina and is taken in multi-speciescommercial fisheries that target demersal fishes through much of its range. For purposes of thisassessment, half of the global population is considered to occur in Brazil and the other half in Uruguayand Argentina. According to landings and catch per unit effort data, the population in Brazil isoverexploited and declined by at least 30-60% over the past three generation lengths, or about a 30-year time period. According to stock assessment and fisheries data, there is no decline detected in thedemersal fish stock in Argentina and Uruguay and abundance indices show an increase in recent years(since 2014). Fishing effort continues at an unsustainable level in Brazil, the fishery is not well-monitoredand conservation measures are insufficient. Conservation measures in Argentina and Uruguay include atotal allowable catch limit and regular monitoring of stock status. In addition to fishing, this species isexposed to pollution in estuaries that may be impacting the survivability of some individuals. Based ondeclines in half of its global population (Brazil), at least a 30% global-level decline is suspected to haveoccurred over the past three generation lengths; therefore, it is listed as Vulnerable A2bcd. It isrecommended to improve fisheries monitoring, including the collection of species-specific data, as wellas implement conservation measures to reduce effort in Brazilian fisheries.Fil: Riestra, Cecilia Micaela. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; BrasilFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Hune, M.. Fundación Ictiológica de Chile; Chil

Increased mitochondrial activity upon CatSper channel activation is required for mouse sperm capacitation

To fertilize an oocyte, sperm must undergo several biochemical and functional changes known as capacitation. A key event in capacitation is calcium influx through the cation channel of sperm (CatSper). However, the molecular mechanisms of capacitation downstream of this calcium influx are not completely understood. Capacitation is also associated with an increase in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and several lines of evidence indicate that regulated calcium entry into mitochondria increases the efficiency of oxidative respiration. Thus, we hypothesized that calcium influx through CatSper during capacitation increases mitochondrial calcium concentration and mitochondrial efficiency and thereby contributes to sperm hyperactivation and fertilization capacity. To test this hypothesis, we used high-resolution respirometry to measure mouse sperm mitochondrial activity. We also measured mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP/ADP exchange during capacitation, and mitochondrial calcium concentration in sperm from wild-type and CatSper knockout mice. We show that the increase in mitochondrial activity in capacitated wild-type sperm parallels the increase in mitochondrial calcium concentration. This effect is blunted in sperm from CatSper knockout mice. Importantly, these mechanisms are needed for optimal hyperactivation and fertilization in wild-type mice, as confirmed by using mitochondrial inhibitors. Thus, we describe a novel mechanism of sperm capacitation. This work contributes to our understanding of the role of mitochondria in sperm physiology and opens the possibility of new molecular targets for fertility treatments and male contraception

Sprattus fuegensis, Fuegian Sprat

This coastal, pelagic species is widely distributed in the southwestern Atlantic and southeastern Pacific. It is short-lived and has an estimated generation length of 3-4 years. It is targeted by commercial, artisanal fisheries in the northern part of its range in Chile. Total biomass has declined by about 40% over the past three generation lengths, or since 2006, in the Lakes Region of Chile, and that stock is considered overfished. However, it is not targeted elsewhere in its range at this time, including in the area that contains the largest proportion of its global population. Fishing activity is not expected to be driving global-level declines approaching a Near Threatened or threatened level at this time; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern. However, fishing effort may expand further south where it remains abundant, and this is a concern.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, Alejo Joaquin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; BrasilFil: Di Dario, F.. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Yield and nutritional value of first-cutting alfalfa grown in temperature gradient greenhouses under future climate change scenarios depend on Sinorhizobium meliloti strain

Ponencia presentada a la 51 Reunión Científica de la SEEP celebrada en la Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de la Universidad Pública de Navarra entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2012.El objetivo del estudio fue analizar bajo distintos escenarios de simulación de cambio climático (CO2 y temperatura elevados), el efecto de tres cepas de Sinorhizobium meliloti, en la producción, calidad y digestibilidad in-vitro de la alfalfa. Las alfalfas más productivas en su primer corte durante el mes de noviembre fueron las inoculadas con la cepa 102F34, seguidas por la 102F78 y la 1032GMI. El CO2 y la temperatura elevados aumentaron el contenido en fibras, disminuyendo la digestibilidad invitro de la materia seca en las plantas inoculadas con las cepas 102F78 y 1032GMI. La proteína bruta, un indicador de la calidad del forraje, descendió en condiciones de CO2 y temperatura elevados, independientemente de la cepa inoculada. Si bien las plantas inoculadas con la cepa 102F78 produjeron forraje con mayor concentración de proteína bruta, la mayor digestibilidad obtenida con la cepa 102F34, hizo que de las tres cepas analizadas, sea ésta la más adecuada en el escenario de cambio climático estudiado.Elevated CO2 may decrease alfalfa forage quality and in-vitro digestibility through a drop in crude protein and an enhancement of fibre content. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of elevated CO2, elevated temperature and Sinorhizobium meliloti strains on alfalfa yield, forage quality and in-vitro dry matter digestibility. Shoot dry matter under elevated CO2 and temperature was different depending on the S. meliloti strain, with 102F34 inoculated plants being the most productive, followed by 102F78, and then 1032GMI. Plants inoculated with the 102F34 strain did not enhance neutral or acid detergent fibre under elevated CO2 or temperature and hence, in-vitro dry matter digestibility was unaffected. Crude protein content, an indicator of forage quality, was negatively related to shoot yield. Plants inoculated with 102F78 showed a similar shoot yield to those inoculated with 102F34, but had higher crude protein content at elevated CO2 and temperature. Under these climate change conditions, 102F78 inoculated plants produced more quality forage. However, the higher digestibility of plants inoculated with the 102F34 strain under any CO2 or temperature conditions, makes them more suitable for growing under applied experimental climate change conditions.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN BFU2008-01405 y BFU2011-26989), Fundación Universitaria de Navarra (PIUNA-2008), Fundación Caja Navarra y Asociación de Amigos de la Universidad de Navarra