Peran Mobile Combat PCR dalam Deteksi Dini Corona Virus Disease 2019 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Deteksi dini merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam penanggulangan pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Keterlambatan deteksi mengakibatkan isolasi dini tidak dapat dilakukan yang pada akhirnya berkontribusi terhadap penyebaran virus yang lebih luas. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan jumlah pemeriksaan molekuler COVID-19 secara merata untuk deteksi dini COVID-19 melalui ‘Mobile Combat PCR’ yang dapat berkeliling ke daerah-daerah di Jawa Tengah dan memberikan hasil yang cepat. Tim Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro/Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro bertugas 6 kali di 5 Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah. Tim pengabdian Mobile Combat PCR telah memeriksa 752 sampel yang terdiri dari 673 pelayan publik, 45 kontak erat, dan 34 suspek/pasien COVID-19. Tiga belas orang (1,9%) pelayan publik teridentifikasi positif SARS-CoV-2 meskipun tidak bergejala. Mereka langsung diminta untuk melakukan isolasi mandiri guna mencegah penyebaran lebih lanjut. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat Mobile Combat PCR ini sangat berperan dalam menjangkau daerah yang tidak memiliki fasilitas pemeriksaan molekuler COVID-19, memberikan hasil pemeriksaan secara cepat, dan mendeteksi dini COVID-19 bahkan pada kasus tanpa gejala.Early detection is a crucial factor in addressing the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Delays in detection might prevent early isolation from being done, which would have led to the virus's greater spread. The purpose of this community service was to increase the number of COVID-19 molecular tests equally across Central Java province using 'Mobile Combat PCR' which can travel to many areas across the province and provide fast results. The Diponegoro National Hospital/Diponegoro University Medical Faculty team has served 6 times in 5 districts/cities in Central Java. The Mobile Combat PCR service team has examined 752 samples originating from 673 public servants, 45 close contacts, and 34 COVID-19 suspects/patients. Thirteen people (1.9%) of the public servants were identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 even though they were asymptomatic. They were immediately instructed to self-isolate to prevent further spread. This Mobile Combat PCR community service activity plays a very important role in reaching areas that do not have COVID-19 molecular examination facilities, providing rapid examination results, and detecting COVID-19 early even in asymptomatic cases

Garcinia Mangostana Pericarp Extract Protection on Reproductive Function of Obese-Diabetic Rats Model

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese has been considered a risk factor for male infertility. Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (GMPE) is known to have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GMPE therapy on reproductive function in obese T2DM rats by examining testosterone level, testicular histopathological features, and hs-CRP level. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 2–3 months, were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated with a standard diet (NC), high-fat diet (HFD) with GMPE 200 mg/kgBW (obese GMPE control/OGC200), HFD with 45 mg/kgBW STZ-NA (obese-diabetic control/ODC), obese-diabetic rats with GMPE 100 (DG100); 200 (DG200); and 400 mg/kgBW (DG400). STZ-NA was administered after 8 weeks of HFD treatment and followed by GMPE for 8 weeks after T2DM was confirmed. The level of hs-CRP and testosterone were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Testicular histopathological examination was measured after 8 weeks of treatment by using Modified Jonhson Score (MJS) with HE staining. Results: ODC rats significantly showed increased hs-CRP level compared to NC (8.76±0.27 vs 0.30±0.07 ng/mL, p<0.001) and reduced testosterone level and MJS compared to NC (73.69±2.22 vs 170.14±1.34 ng/dL, 4.57±0.93 vs 9.87±0.16 MJS, respectively, P<0.001). Testosterone and hs-CRP levels showed a negative and significant correlation (r=-0.974 and p<0.001). On the treatment group, GMPE significantly reduced hs-CRP and increased testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: GMPE effectively protects reproductive function in obese DM rats by increasing testosterone levels and advanced spermatogenesis, as well as decreasing hs-CRP leve

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Screening and Whole Genome Sequencing at an Indonesian Tertiary Hospitals

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), experienced a surge in cases with the emergence of the Omicron variant. Despite increasing vaccination coverage, Indonesia witnessed peaks in COVID-19 cases. Variant screening and whole genome sequencing (WGS) play a crucial role in identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants and monitoring their spread.Objective: The objective of this study was to compare variant screening results with WGS data, assess the prevalence of subvariants, and analyze their correlation with demographic and cycle threshold (CT) values.Methods: Between November 7th and 18th, 2022, variant screening and WGS were conducted on samples with CT values below 30. Variant screening utilized the mBioCov-19+ VarScreen assay, while WGS was performed on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using epi2melabs. Demographic data and CT values were analyzed. Results: Out of 89 subjects, all tested positive for the Omicron variant through variant screening. The variant screening identified two subvariants: Omicron BA.2 (64%) and Omicron B.1.1.529.1 (36%). WGS revealed that the XBB subvariant was the most dominant (52.8%), followed by BQ.1 (22.5%) and BA.5 (13.5%). When VarScreen indicated BA.2, the majority of WGS results showed XBB (82.5%), while for B.1.1.529.1, the majority of WGS results were BQ.1 (59.4%), followed by BA.5 (37.5%). XBB was the most prevalent variant in both females and males, while BQ.1 was more dominant in females (80%). No infections were detected among children aged 1-5 years. All variants had CT values below 24.Conclusion: Variant screening provides accurate and quick results for detecting the Omicron variant in laboratories without WGS capacity. However, it is important to continuously update the screening methodology based on the prevailing circulating variants. During the study period, XBB emerged as the predominant subvariant of the Omicron variant

Clinicopathologic Features in a TSH Secreting Pituitary Tumor : a Case Report

Thyrotropin-stimulating hormone-producing adenoma (TSHoma) is a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. Patients with this condition are often diagnosed when the tumor has already grown significantly, as the diagnosis of TSHoma is frequently delayed and confused with primary hyperthyroidism. Our case describes a 60-year-old woman with a goiter who was referred to our center from the otolaryngology department. Her thyroid panel in endocrinology showed elevated free hormone levels (fT3: 4.6 mg/ml and fT4: 1.93 mg/ml) and an unsuppressed TSH: 12.85 μ mIU/l, suggesting central hyperthyroidism. A thyroid gland sample obtained by a fine needle aspiration biopsy did not show malignant cells. An MRI scan of the pituitary gland revealed a macroadenoma with KNOSP grade 1. She underwent transsphenoidal surgery for the tumor. Histopathology revealed an acidophilic adenoma with the expression of TSH and prolactin by immunostaining. The proliferation rate, as indicated by MIB-1 staining, was only 0.6%. The decrease in thyroid hormones after the operation confirmed the effectiveness of the surgery. In conclusion, TSHoma, a rare tumor associated with hyperthyroidism, requires a careful diagnosis for effective management. Our article serves as reference material for understanding cases of pituitary-secreting tumors in Indonesia

Garcinia Mangostana Pericarp Extract Protection on Reproductive Function of Obese-Diabetic Rats Model

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese has been considered a risk factor for male infertility. Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (GMPE) is known to have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects.  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GMPE therapy on reproductive function in obese T2DM rats by examining testosterone level, testicular histopathological features, and hs-CRP level.Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated with a standard diet (NC), high-fat diet (HFD) with GMPE 200 mg/kgBW (obese GMPE control/OGC200), HFD with 45 mg/kgBW STZ-NA (obese-diabetic control/ODC), obese-diabetic rats with GMPE 100 (DG100); 200 (DG200); and 400 mg/kgBW (DG400). STZ-NA was administered after 8 weeks of HFD treatment and followed by GMPE for 8 weeks after T2DM was confirmed. The level of hs-CRP and testosterone were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Testicular histopathological examination was measured after 8 weeks of treatment by using Modified Jonhson Score (MJS) with HE staining.Results: ODC rats significantly showed increased hs-CRP level compared to NC (8.76±0.27 vs 0.30±0.07 ng/mL, P<0.001) and reduced testosterone level and MJS compared to NC (73.69±2.22 vs170.14±1.34 ng/dL, 4.57±0.93 vs 9.87±0.16 MJS, respectively, P<0.001). Testosterone and hs-CRP levels showed a negative and significant correlation (r=-0.974 and P<0.001). On the treatment group, GMPE significantly reduced hs-CRP and increased testosterone levels in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: GMPE effectively protects reproductive function in obese DM rats by increasing testosterone levels and advanced spermatogenesis, as well as decreasing hs-CRP level