PENGELOLAAN RISK PROFILE, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, EARNINGS, DAN CAPITAL UNTUK MENGANTISIPASI FINANCIAL DISTRESS PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh risk profile, good corporate governance, earnings, dan capital (RGEC) terhadap financial distress. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori agensi. Populasi penelitian terdiri perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara purposive. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dokumenter berupa laporan tahunan perusahaan perbankan selama periode 2016-2020. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa risk profile berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress, GCG berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap financial distress, earnings berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress, capital berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap financial distres

Secrecy, disclosure and accidental discovery: perspectives of diaphragm users in Mombasa, Kenya

The diaphragm is receiving renewed attention as a promising female-controlled method of preventing HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections. It is anticipated that female-controlled technologies will reduce women's biological susceptibility and assist in counteracting their sociocultural vulnerability to HIV. Understanding the subjective experiences of diaphragm users in different settings has the potential to inform the development and promotion of such methods. This paper explores the perspectives of female sex workers and women attending sexual and reproductive health services in Mombasa, Kenya. Data are reported from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with women and men, following a prospective study investigating diaphragm continuation rates over six months. Discussions highlighted covert use of the diaphragm, during sex work or with casual partners, and coital independence as favourable attributes. These features were especially pronounced compared with male condoms. Few difficulties with diaphragm use were reported, although its insertion and removal occasionally presented problems. Many women-especially those in long term partnerships - wished to disclose its use but found the disclosure process highly problematic. Accidental discovery often resulted in partner conflict. Although future uptake of the diaphragm may be high in this setting, its use may be limited to certain types of relationships and relationship context

Acceptability of the diaphragm in Mombasa Kenya: A 6-month prospective study

Objectives: If proven acceptable, safe and effective, the diaphragm could be used as a female-controlled method of preventing both sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy. This study\u27s aim was to assess the acceptability and safety of the diaphragm among sexually-active women in Mombasa, Kenya. Methods: We conducted a 6-month prospective study among female sex workers (FSWs), and women attending sexual and reproductive health services. Diaphragm acceptability was assessed using continuation rates and factors associated with acceptability. Safety evaluations included colposcopy findings and incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and STIs. Results: Half the 185 participants were FSWs who had less schooling and were less likely to be married than other women. After 6 months, 55% (56/102) of sexually-active women reported having used the diaphragm each sex act during the preceding month. Women liked using the diaphragm (95%, 104/109), and 96% (125/130) reported willingness to continue using it. Colposcopy did not reveal significantly more vaginal or cervical lesions. Use of the diaphragm was not associated with an increase in bacterial vaginosis or UTIs. A pregnancy rate of 12 per 100 women/years was observed. Conclusion: After 6 months of diaphragm use in this setting, continuation rates were sustained, user satisfaction was high and adverse effects were few

Socio-ecological determinants of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use behavior of adolescents in Kilifi County at the Kenyan coast

Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use form a risk factor for health and social problems during adolescence. From a socio-ecological model, perceptions of 85 young people and 10 stakeholders on the types of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs used and the predisposing and protective factors were explored; among adolescents at the Kenyan Coast in the Kilifi County. We found that the consumption of home-brewed alcohol, tobacco and marijuana smoking, and khat chewing was common and requires multi-component and community-centered intervention. Countering alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use needs enforcement of strong measures to regulate access to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs for minors; addressing social and cultural norms; strategies for poverty alleviation; and community empowerment

Research Stakeholders’ Views on Benefits and Challenges for Public Health Research Data Sharing in Kenya: The Importance of Trust and Social Relations

<div><p>Background</p><p>There is increasing recognition of the importance of sharing research data within the international scientific community, but also of the ethical and social challenges this presents, particularly in the context of structural inequities and varied capacity in international research. Public involvement is essential to building locally responsive research policies, including on data sharing, but little research has involved stakeholders from low-to-middle income countries.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Between January and June 2014, a qualitative study was conducted in Kenya involving sixty stakeholders with varying experiences of research in a deliberative process to explore views on benefits and challenges in research data sharing. In-depth interviews and extended small group discussions based on information sharing and facilitated debate were used to collect data. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis, and charting flow and dynamics in debates.</p><p>Findings</p><p>The findings highlight both the opportunities and challenges of communicating about this complex and relatively novel topic for many stakeholders. For more and less research-experienced stakeholders, ethical research data sharing is likely to rest on the development and implementation of appropriate trust-building processes, linked to local perceptions of benefits and challenges. The central nature of trust is underpinned by uncertainties around who might request what data, for what purpose and when. Key benefits perceived in this consultation were concerned with the promotion of public health through science, with legitimate beneficiaries defined differently by different groups. Important challenges were risks to the interests of study participants, communities and originating researchers through stigmatisation, loss of privacy, impacting autonomy and unfair competition, including through forms of intentional and unintentional 'misuse' of data. Risks were also seen for science.</p><p>Discussion</p><p>Given background structural inequities in much international research, building trust in this low-to-middle income setting includes ensuring that the interests of study participants, primary communities and originating researchers will be promoted as far as possible, as well as protected. Important ways of building trust in data sharing include involving the public in policy development and implementation, promoting scientific collaborations around data sharing and building close partnerships between researchers and government health authorities to provide checks and balances on data sharing, and promote near and long-term translational benefits.</p></div

Socio-ecological determinants of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use behavior of adolescents in Kilifi County at the Kenyan coast

Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use form a risk factor for health and social problems during adolescence. From a socio-ecological model, perceptions of 85 young people and 10 stakeholders on the types of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs used and the predisposing and protective factors were explored; among adolescents at the Kenyan Coast in the Kilifi County. We found that the consumption of home-brewed alcohol, tobacco and marijuana smoking, and khat chewing was common and requires multi-component and community-centered intervention. Countering alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use needs enforcement of strong measures to regulate access to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs for minors; addressing social and cultural norms; strategies for poverty alleviation; and community empowerment

Short Communication High Prevalence of Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Among Newly HIV Type 1 Diagnosed Adults in Mombasa, Kenya

In view of the recent antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up in Kenya, surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance (TDR) is important. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among newly HIV-1 diagnosed, anti-retroviral-naive adults in Mombasa, Kenya. Surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) were identified according to the 2009 WHO list. HIV-1 subtypes were determined using REGA and SCUEAL subtyping tools. Genotypic test results were obtained for 68 of 81 participants, and SDRMs were identified in 9 samples. Resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (K103N) occurred in five participants, yielding a TDR prevalence of 7.4% (95% confidence interval 2.4-16.3%). Frequencies of HIV-1 subtypes were A (70.6%), C (5.9%), D (2.9%), and unique recombinant forms (20.6%). The TDR prevalence found in this survey is higher than previously reported in different regions in Kenya. These findings justify increased vigilance with respect to TDR surveillance in African regions where ART programs are scaled-up in order to inform treatment guideline

Table_1_(Supplementary_file) – Supplemental material for Socio-ecological determinants of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use behavior of adolescents in Kilifi County at the Kenyan coast

<p>Supplemental material, Table_1_(Supplementary_file) for Socio-ecological determinants of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use behavior of adolescents in Kilifi County at the Kenyan coast by Derrick Ssewanyana, Patrick N Mwangala, Vicki Marsh, Irene Jao, Anneloes van Baar, Charles R Newton and Amina Abubakar in Journal of Health Psychology</p