Extracts and Essential Oils from Medicinal Plants and Their Neuroprotective Effect

Current therapies for neurodegenerative diseases offer only limited benefits to their clinical symptoms and do not prevent the degeneration of neuronal cells. Neurological diseases affect millions of people around the world, and the economic impact of treatment is high, given that health care resources are scarce. Thus, many therapeutic strategies to delay or prevent neurodegeneration have been the subject of research for treatment. One strategy for this is the use of herbal and essential oils of different species of medicinal plants because they have several bioactive compounds and phytochemicals with neuroprotective capacity. In addition, they respond positively to neurological disorders, such as dementia, oxidative stress, anxiety, cerebral ischemia, and oxidative toxicity, suggesting their use as complementary treatment agents in the treatment of neurological disorders

Ectopic lymphocytic thyroiditis: A case report and treatment options

The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity. Non-gland migration occurs during the early stages of embryogenesis to the normal cervical location. Thus, ectopic tissue is lodged, in general, in the path of the thyroglossal duct in the middle line of the neck. The most common location is in the lingual zone, being the lingual thyroid. This, in most cases, will be asymptomatic. However, it is able to manifest itself with symptoms of dysphagia, dysphonia, obstruction of the upper airways or hemorrhage at any moment between childhood and adulthood. This article is a review of this disease, targeting mainly conduct, still very controversial in the literature. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2017; 6(4.000): 221-227

Tamsulosin and Dementia in old age: Is there any relationship?

Tamsulosin is used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), prescribed annually to about 12.6 million patients worldwide. It is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist that reduces the tone of the prostate smooth muscle involved in the pathophysiology of BPH. By acting on alpha 1A receptors, predominant in the prostate, tamsulosin also acts on receptors present in the brain. This study consisted of a literature review aimed at disseminating scientific knowledge about the relationship between the use of tamsulosin and the onset of dementia. PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Embase, and Web of Science studies involving dementia in patients using tamsulosin in the last five years were selected. The review showed a risk correlation and a higher incidence of dementia in treated patients. The risk ratio, when compared to other medicines, approached 1.20. In conclusion, it was identified the need for clinical trials with higher sampling power to increase relational significance due to the high prevalence of BPH and the extensive use of tamsulosin in elderly patients with the disease

Adhesion prevention in reabsorbable polyethylene glycol hydrogel (Coseal (R)) coated polypropylene mesh in rabbits

PURPOSE: To evaluate of postoperative adhesion prevention and inflammatory response to polypropylene mesh, coated with reabsorbable hydrogel of polyethylene glycol (Coseal (R)) in contact with small bowel in an experimental model in rabbits.METHODS: Twenty female rabbits underwent laparotomy to implant two polypropylene meshes, 2x1cm, in the right and left flanks. The right mesh was protected with Coseal (R) spray (Group 1) and the left mesh received no treatment after implantation (Group 2). Thirty days after implantation, the rabbits underwent laparoscopy for adhesion analysis; the prosthesis were removed en bloc with the adjacent tissue for microscopic analysis of inflammation. Statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney test.RESULTS: There was adhesion formation in five meshes (36%) from Group 1 and in 14 meshes (100%) from Group 2, with statistical significance (p<0.01). There were no differences in the inflammatory response, fibrosis, foreign body reaction, presence of collagen and type of inflammatory cells between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Polypropylene mesh coated with Coseal (R) showed a significantly lower rate of adhesion formation when compared with uncoated meshes, without interfering with inflammatory response.Rio Grande do Norte Fed Univ UFRN, Postgrad Program Interdisciplinary Surg Sci, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, BrazilRio Grande do Norte Fed Univ UFRN, Integrated Med Dept, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, BrazilUFRN, Dept Surg, Rio Grande Do Norte, BrazilUFRN, Dept Pathol, Rio Grande Do Norte, BrazilUFRN, Onofre Lopes Univ Hosp, Rio Grande Do Norte, BrazilSao Paulo Fed Univ UNIFESP, Dept Surg, Surg Gastroenterol Div, Sao Paulo, BrazilSao Paulo Fed Univ UNIFESP, Dept Surg, Surg Gastroenterol Div, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: case report and review

OBJECTIVE: The development of associated febrile to lymphadenomegaly leads to several diagnostic hypotheses, among them the Kikushi-Fujimoto disease. METHOD: This review was set up by searching PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Scopus database using the following key words: “Kikushi disease”, “Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease”, “histiocytic necrotizing”, “lymphadenitis”, “lymphadenopathy”. RESULTS: We report a case in a young patient with a fever associated with the emergence of adenomegalies and weight loss in two months, associated with hepatosplenomegaly. In laboratory tests showed anemia with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test elevated, widened mediastinum, with bilateral pleural effusion. CONCLUSION: Excisional biopsy of supraclavicular lymph node showed Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease on microscopic examination. After histopathological confirmation, were other causes of febrile adenomegalias apart, starting dose corticosteroid immunosuppressive therapy

Diagnosis and therapeutic management updated on intrathoracic schwannoma

Background: Schwannoma is a benign neoplasm derived from Schwann cells. It is usually located in the intracranial nerves, however intrathoracic presentation is possible, leading to compression of adjacent structures and symptoms. The absence of results from physical examination and the presence of mild symptoms (or absence) common to other diseases makes the diagnosis challenging, usually accomplished through imaging. Treatment consists of surgical resection by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. This study aimed to review this subject with an emphasis on the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches currently available. Method: Articles were selected by searching the Scopus, Scielo, PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords: schwannoma, neurinoma, neurilemmoma, nerve tissue neoplasm, thoracotomy, thoracoscopy and mediastinal neoplasms. Results: Intrathoracic schwannoma often presents as asymptomatic and is identified during routine imaging tests. The recommended treatment is surgical resection by thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2017; 6(4.000): 206-213