Energy Consumption Rate based Stable Election Protocol (ECRSEP) for WSNs

In recent few yearsWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have seen an increased interest in various applications like border field security, disaster management and medical applications. So large number of sensor nodes are deployed for such applications, which can work autonomously. Due to small power batteries in WSNs, efficient utilization of battery power is an important factor. Clustering is an efficient technique to extend life time of sensor networks by reducing the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new protocol; Energy Consumption Rate based Stable Election Protocol (ECRSEP). Our CH selection scheme is based on the weighted election probabilities of each node according to the Energy Consumption Rate (ECR) of each node. We compare results of our proposed protocol with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (DEEC), Stable Election Protocol (SEP), and Enhanced SEP(ESEP). Our simulation results show that our proposed protocol, ECRSEP outperforms all these protocols in terms of network stability and network lifetime

Q-LEACH: A New Routing Protocol for WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with their dynamic applications gained a tremendous attention of researchers. Constant monitoring of critical situations attracted researchers to utilize WSNs at vast platforms. The main focus in WSNs is to enhance network life-time as much as one could, for efficient and optimal utilization of resources. Different approaches based upon clustering are proposed for optimum functionality. Network life-time is always related with energy of sensor nodes deployed at remote areas for constant and fault tolerant monitoring. In this work, we propose Quadrature-LEACH (Q-LEACH) for homogenous networks which enhances stability period, network life-time and throughput quiet significantly

Error Estimation of Numerical Integration Methods

We compare the accuracy of numerical integral methods like Newton-Cotes method and Gaussian Quadrature Rule (GQR) for the model problem and tested for another problem to verify the results. From results we notice that error of GQR is about 10 times less than Newton-Cotes formulas. For this reason we prefer GQR over other methods. But GQR uses nodes and weights which is a tedious work. This difficulty can overcome by using the idea of  ”three-term recurrence” relation. We can transform the problem of finding the nodes and weights for GQR to one of finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix. Keywords: Numerical integration; Gaussian Quadrature rules; error estimate; convergence rate

Effects of mannan-oligosaccharides’ supplementation on hatching characteristics of four close-bred flocks of Japanese quail breeders

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannan-oligosaccharides’ (MOS) supplementation on hatching characteristics of four close-bred flocks (CBFs) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breeders. A total of 960 Japanese quail breeders, aged 12 weeks old, were randomly selected and divided into four groups (n = 240) with twelve replicates (n = 20) in a completely randomized design (15 ♂ : 5 ♀). The birds were a fed corn-based basal diet (group D) or basal diet supplemented with MOS at the levels of 0.25 % (group A), 0.5 % (group B) and 1.0 % (group C) for 15 weeks. The collected data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA techniques using Statistical Analysis System. The fertility and hatchability of 0.50 % MOS-supplemented group was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Similarly, fertility and hatchability percent of fertile eggs of Kaleem flock was significantly higher than other flocks, while dead in-shells were significantly lower in Sadat flock. Conclusively, MOS supplementation positively influences the fertility and hatchability of quail breeders.Keywords: Fertility, hatchability, Japanese quail breeders, mannan-oligosaccharides, poultry biotechnolog

Identification of Compounds and Insecticidal Activity of the Root of Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia Pulcherrima L)

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniaceae) is an ornamental plant with several ethnomedicinal uses. The present study was designed to investigate the brine shrimp cytotoxicity and insecticidal activity of oil obtained from C. pulcherrima root. The powdered root was extracted with methanol and then defatted with petroleum ether (40-60oC) to obtain a viscous oil. The oil was investigated for its brine shrimp cytotoxicity and insecticidal activity in vitro. The chemical constituents were identified by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. The oil showed significant lethal effect against Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) with LC50 of 23.85 μg/mL and mild insecticidal activity against Tribolium castaneum and Callosbruchus analis with percentage mortality of 20% and 40% respectively at 1 mg/cm2. GC-MS analysis identified 37 compounds mainly steroids, terpenoids and fatty acids.Keywords: Caesalpinia pulcherrima, chemical constituents, cytotoxicity, insecticidal activity

Error concealment innovator based on the multi-directional interpolation by using the similarity segmentation

In this paper, an error concealment algorithm based on the multi-directional interpolation (MDI) was proposed. The algorithm has the capability to recover the damaged blocs, whether located in smooth or non-smooth areas. In the case of smooth regions, the missing coefficients were estimated by interpolating these coefficients with undamaged adjacent pixels. While, in the non-smooth areas (for example edge components), these blocks were portioned to at least four quarters, in the intention to exploit all border pixels. In the meantime, pixels of the border left and right were estimated with horizontal interpolation, pixels of the border top, and bottom were estimated with vertical interpolation, Whereas the remaining pixels of each quarter were simultaneously guessed with vertical and horizontal interpolation. Finally, another algorithm to convert pixels to feet proposed. The motivation behind the current implementation and the problem that we aim to solve lies on how to convert the size of the base and height of triangles from pixels-to-feet. In the intention to calculate the areas of these triangles, for the purpose of compensation. The experimental results showed that the number of pixels occurred and the error was relatively low

Matrix Models, Geometric Engineering and Elliptic Genera

We compute the prepotential of N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions obtained by toroidal compactifications of gauge theories from 6 dimensions, as a function of Kahler and complex moduli of T^2. We use three different methods to obtain this: matrix models, geometric engineering and instanton calculus. Matrix model approach involves summing up planar diagrams of an associated gauge theory on T^2. Geometric engineering involves considering F-theory on elliptic threefolds, and using topological vertex to sum up worldsheet instantons. Instanton calculus involves computation of elliptic genera of instanton moduli spaces on R^4. We study the compactifications of N=2* theory in detail and establish equivalence of all these three approaches in this case. As a byproduct we geometrically engineer theories with massive adjoint fields. As one application, we show that the moduli space of mass deformed M5-branes wrapped on T^2 combines the Kahler and complex moduli of T^2 and the mass parameter into the period matrix of a genus 2 curve.Comment: 90 pages, Late

Design of a multi-threaded distributed telerobotic framework

A telerobotic system consists of master (client) and slave (server) stations which are usually connected by a computer network. A reliable real-time connection between master and slave systems is proposed using Distributed Components (.NET Remoting). This has a number of benefits such as software reusability, ease of extensibility, debugging, and data encapsulation. It is based on most advanced software tools like NET Framework that promise definite advantages over DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model) and RPC (Remote Procedure Call), previously used for distributed applications. The components communicate with each other using NET Remoting and SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) that automatically handle the network resources and data transfer while isolating the components from network protocol issues. This enhances the data security as well as facilitates easy deployment. Implementing telerobotics using the proposed approach gives the advantage of a multi-threaded execution needed to effectively realize multi-streaming of force, command and stereo data over a LAN

Design of a multi-threaded distributed telerobotic framework

A telerobotic system consists of master (client) and slave (server) stations which are usually connected by a computer network. A reliable real-time connection between master and slave systems is proposed using Distributed Components (.NET Remoting). This has a number of benefits such as software reusability, ease of extensibility, debugging, and data encapsulation. It is based on most advanced software tools like NET Framework that promise definite advantages over DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model) and RPC (Remote Procedure Call), previously used for distributed applications. The components communicate with each other using NET Remoting and SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) that automatically handle the network resources and data transfer while isolating the components from network protocol issues. This enhances the data security as well as facilitates easy deployment. Implementing telerobotics using the proposed approach gives the advantage of a multi-threaded execution needed to effectively realize multi-streaming of force, command and stereo data over a LAN