7,424 research outputs found
Topological spin liquids: Robustness under perturbations
We study the robustness of the paradigmatic kagome Resonating Valence Bond
(RVB) spin liquid and its orthogonal version, the quantum dimer model. The
non-orthogonality of singlets in the RVB model and the induced finite length
scale not only makes it difficult to analyze, but can also significantly affect
its physics, such as how much noise resilience it exhibits. Surprisingly, we
find that this is not the case: The amount of perturbations which the RVB spin
liquid can tolerate is not affected by the finite correlation length, making
the dimer model a viable model for studying RVB physics under perturbations.
Remarkably, we find that this is a universal phenomenon protected by
symmetries: First, the dominant correlations in the RVB are spinon
correlations, making the state robust against doping with visons. Second,
reflection symmetry stabilizes the spin liquid against doping with spinons, by
forbidding mixing of the initially dominant correlations with those which lead
to the breakdown of topological order.Comment: v2: accepted versio
Factors Determining Farmers’ Decision on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Vaccination at the Small Poultry Farms in Western Java
Vaccination of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is one of the control measures in poultry farm. There are several factors determining farmer's decision on the implementation of this vaccination. They are the type of poultry, the experience of farmers in the poultry farm, the pattern of poultry farm management, the role of poultry farm on household income, the scale of poultry farm, the mortality rate of poultry, the cost of medication, and the case of HPAI. The analysis result showed that two factors namely type of poultry and the role of poultry farm on household income had significant influence on farmer's decision to implement HPAI vaccination. In fact, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would be more effective in independent farms since the risk of this disease was single-handedly borne by farmers. Apart from that, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would also be more effective in farms that had never been infected by HPAI, particularly layer farms. Overall, HPAI vaccination would be more effectively implemented through supporting biosecurity measures in poultry farms.
Energy Consumption Rate based Stable Election Protocol (ECRSEP) for WSNs
In recent few yearsWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have seen an increased
interest in various applications like border field security, disaster
management and medical applications. So large number of sensor nodes are
deployed for such applications, which can work autonomously. Due to small power
batteries in WSNs, efficient utilization of battery power is an important
factor. Clustering is an efficient technique to extend life time of sensor
networks by reducing the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new
protocol; Energy Consumption Rate based Stable Election Protocol (ECRSEP). Our
CH selection scheme is based on the weighted election probabilities of each
node according to the Energy Consumption Rate (ECR) of each node. We compare
results of our proposed protocol with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy
(LEACH), Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (DEEC), Stable Election
Protocol (SEP), and Enhanced SEP(ESEP). Our simulation results show that our
proposed protocol, ECRSEP outperforms all these protocols in terms of network
stability and network lifetime
Q-LEACH: A New Routing Protocol for WSNs
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with their dynamic applications gained a
tremendous attention of researchers. Constant monitoring of critical situations
attracted researchers to utilize WSNs at vast platforms. The main focus in WSNs
is to enhance network life-time as much as one could, for efficient and optimal
utilization of resources. Different approaches based upon clustering are
proposed for optimum functionality. Network life-time is always related with
energy of sensor nodes deployed at remote areas for constant and fault tolerant
monitoring. In this work, we propose Quadrature-LEACH (Q-LEACH) for homogenous
networks which enhances stability period, network life-time and throughput
quiet significantly
6G Vision: Towards Future Collaborative Cognitive Communication (3C) Systems
6G networks are expected to have a breakthrough by enabling the emergence of collaborative cognitive communication services over heterogeneous environments for industry 5.0 applications. These applications are required to adapt human-centric approach to make the most of human intuition and intelligence in Industry 4.0 automation.It calls for a transdisciplinarity research domain to investigate innovative systems with overlapping realms of Psychology, Sociology, Communication networks, Artificial Intelligence , Natural Language Processing and Collaborative Computing. The author at the Cognitive Systems Research Centre, London South Bank University has coined the expression “3C Systems" to refer to such artifacts which stands for "Collaborative Cognitive Communication Systems”. In this paper, an innovative framework for 3C Systems is proposed that is able to analyze and predict both the human as well as machine behaviors. It proactively diagnoses issues and recommends solutions without requiring any human intervention. The proposed concept of 3C Systems would potentially contribute towards 6G standardization. The automation and orchestration aspects of this research have variety of applications stretched across city infrastructures, retail, business, tourism, health, law, education and travel. A thorough insight to a broad view of 6G vision has been presented towards envisioned 3C Systems, while covering its enabling technologies. The experimental results for the proof of concept implementation has been presented. Results affirm the technical capabilities of the concept, to contribute to several industry 5.0 applications including, but not limited to holographic communication, self-driving vehicles, context-aware infrastructure and personalized interfaces
Variability in lipid profile in patients with acute myocardial infarction from two tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan
Objective: To investigate changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides in serum of Pakistani patients with AMI due to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, and smoking, and also find out the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and isolated low-HDL cholesterol in them.Patients and Methods: Serum samples from 451 consecutive AMI patients (250 from National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi and 201 from Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi) were analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides using kit methods. LDL-cholesterol was determined using the Friedewald formula.Results: Mean serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in AMI patients were found to be 181 +/- 50 mg/dl, 35.7 +/- 11.3 mg/dl, 110 +/- 47 mg/dl and 177 +/- 127 mg/dl, respectively. Mean levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly affected by age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking. Mean LDL-cholesterol concentration, however, was found to be significantly increased in diabetes mellitus (p=0.047), while age, gender, BMI, hypertension and smoking had no significant effect on the levels of this lipoprotein. Mean levels of triglycerides were significantly decreased in older patients (\u3e50 years) compared to younger (\u3c50 \u3eyears) ones (p=0.019). Gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking, however, had no effect on triglyceride levels The frequencies of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and isolated low-HDL-cholesterol were found to be 30.6%, 30.1%, 48.6% and 34.1%, respectively.Conclusion: High prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol (which constitute a component of metabolic syndrome) in Pakistani AMI patients is suggestive that these two lipid abnormalities could be playing a major role in the development of atherosclerosis in Pakistani population
Increased levels of erythrocyte glutathione in acute myocardial infarction: An antioxidant defence
Objective: Glutathione (GSH) has a central role in the defence against oxidative damage. This study was carried out to investigate any change in erythrocyte GSH levels in a population of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and compare them with levels in normal healthy subjects.Method: GSH levels were determined in erythrocytes of one hundred and seventy six patients with AMI (age: 30-70 years; 131 males and 45 females) admitted to the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi. These levels were compared with eryrocyte GSH levels obtained from 95 normal healthy subjects (controls).Results: Mean +/- SD erythrocyte GSH levels in AMI patients and controls were found to be 2.34 +/- 0.62 micromol/ml of packed cells and 2.08+/- 0.62 micromol/ml of packed cells, respectively. The two values when compared with one way ANOVA were found to be significantly different (p=0.001). Age had little effect on erythrocyte GSH levels in both AMI patients and normal healthy subjects.Conclusion: Increased production of reactive oxygen species is a feature of cardiovascular disease, such as AMI and cells can respond to mild oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defence in terms of increased production of GSH
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