Topological spin liquids: Robustness under perturbations

We study the robustness of the paradigmatic kagome Resonating Valence Bond (RVB) spin liquid and its orthogonal version, the quantum dimer model. The non-orthogonality of singlets in the RVB model and the induced finite length scale not only makes it difficult to analyze, but can also significantly affect its physics, such as how much noise resilience it exhibits. Surprisingly, we find that this is not the case: The amount of perturbations which the RVB spin liquid can tolerate is not affected by the finite correlation length, making the dimer model a viable model for studying RVB physics under perturbations. Remarkably, we find that this is a universal phenomenon protected by symmetries: First, the dominant correlations in the RVB are spinon correlations, making the state robust against doping with visons. Second, reflection symmetry stabilizes the spin liquid against doping with spinons, by forbidding mixing of the initially dominant correlations with those which lead to the breakdown of topological order.Comment: v2: accepted versio

Factors Determining Farmers’ Decision on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Vaccination at the Small Poultry Farms in Western Java

Vaccination of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is one of the control measures in poultry farm. There are several factors determining farmer's decision on the implementation of this vaccination. They are the type of poultry, the experience of farmers in the poultry farm, the pattern of poultry farm management, the role of poultry farm on household income, the scale of poultry farm, the mortality rate of poultry, the cost of medication, and the case of HPAI. The analysis result showed that two factors namely type of poultry and the role of poultry farm on household income had significant influence on farmer's decision to implement HPAI vaccination. In fact, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would be more effective in independent farms since the risk of this disease was single-handedly borne by farmers. Apart from that, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would also be more effective in farms that had never been infected by HPAI, particularly layer farms. Overall, HPAI vaccination would be more effectively implemented through supporting biosecurity measures in poultry farms. 

Energy Consumption Rate based Stable Election Protocol (ECRSEP) for WSNs

In recent few yearsWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have seen an increased interest in various applications like border field security, disaster management and medical applications. So large number of sensor nodes are deployed for such applications, which can work autonomously. Due to small power batteries in WSNs, efficient utilization of battery power is an important factor. Clustering is an efficient technique to extend life time of sensor networks by reducing the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new protocol; Energy Consumption Rate based Stable Election Protocol (ECRSEP). Our CH selection scheme is based on the weighted election probabilities of each node according to the Energy Consumption Rate (ECR) of each node. We compare results of our proposed protocol with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (DEEC), Stable Election Protocol (SEP), and Enhanced SEP(ESEP). Our simulation results show that our proposed protocol, ECRSEP outperforms all these protocols in terms of network stability and network lifetime

Q-LEACH: A New Routing Protocol for WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with their dynamic applications gained a tremendous attention of researchers. Constant monitoring of critical situations attracted researchers to utilize WSNs at vast platforms. The main focus in WSNs is to enhance network life-time as much as one could, for efficient and optimal utilization of resources. Different approaches based upon clustering are proposed for optimum functionality. Network life-time is always related with energy of sensor nodes deployed at remote areas for constant and fault tolerant monitoring. In this work, we propose Quadrature-LEACH (Q-LEACH) for homogenous networks which enhances stability period, network life-time and throughput quiet significantly

6G Vision: Towards Future Collaborative Cognitive Communication (3C) Systems

6G networks are expected to have a breakthrough by enabling the emergence of collaborative cognitive communication services over heterogeneous environments for industry 5.0 applications. These applications are required to adapt human-centric approach to make the most of human intuition and intelligence in Industry 4.0 automation.It calls for a transdisciplinarity research domain to investigate innovative systems with overlapping realms of Psychology, Sociology, Communication networks, Artificial Intelligence , Natural Language Processing and Collaborative Computing. The author at the Cognitive Systems Research Centre, London South Bank University has coined the expression “3C Systems" to refer to such artifacts which stands for "Collaborative Cognitive Communication Systems”. In this paper, an innovative framework for 3C Systems is proposed that is able to analyze and predict both the human as well as machine behaviors. It proactively diagnoses issues and recommends solutions without requiring any human intervention. The proposed concept of 3C Systems would potentially contribute towards 6G standardization. The automation and orchestration aspects of this research have variety of applications stretched across city infrastructures, retail, business, tourism, health, law, education and travel. A thorough insight to a broad view of 6G vision has been presented towards envisioned 3C Systems, while covering its enabling technologies. The experimental results for the proof of concept implementation has been presented. Results affirm the technical capabilities of the concept, to contribute to several industry 5.0 applications including, but not limited to holographic communication, self-driving vehicles, context-aware infrastructure and personalized interfaces

Variability in lipid profile in patients with acute myocardial infarction from two tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan

Objective: To investigate changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides in serum of Pakistani patients with AMI due to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, and smoking, and also find out the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and isolated low-HDL cholesterol in them.Patients and Methods: Serum samples from 451 consecutive AMI patients (250 from National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi and 201 from Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi) were analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides using kit methods. LDL-cholesterol was determined using the Friedewald formula.Results: Mean serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in AMI patients were found to be 181 +/- 50 mg/dl, 35.7 +/- 11.3 mg/dl, 110 +/- 47 mg/dl and 177 +/- 127 mg/dl, respectively. Mean levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were not significantly affected by age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking. Mean LDL-cholesterol concentration, however, was found to be significantly increased in diabetes mellitus (p=0.047), while age, gender, BMI, hypertension and smoking had no significant effect on the levels of this lipoprotein. Mean levels of triglycerides were significantly decreased in older patients (\u3e50 years) compared to younger (\u3c50 \u3eyears) ones (p=0.019). Gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking, however, had no effect on triglyceride levels The frequencies of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and isolated low-HDL-cholesterol were found to be 30.6%, 30.1%, 48.6% and 34.1%, respectively.Conclusion: High prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol (which constitute a component of metabolic syndrome) in Pakistani AMI patients is suggestive that these two lipid abnormalities could be playing a major role in the development of atherosclerosis in Pakistani population

Makna Pesan Budaya dalam Seni Pertunjukan Musik Tradisional Calempong di Desa Kuok Kabupaten Kampar

The performing arts is one of the values of cultural heritage especially in rural communities Kampar Kampar Kuok. In the performing arts calempong there are aspects that are rich in symbolic meaning represented from physical objects, musical instruments. The aim of the study is to determine the meaning of the symbolic situation, meaning the products of social interaction and meaning interpretation of the performing arts in culture in the village calempong Kampar Kuok.This study used qualitative methods to approach symbolic interaction. Informants in this study is calempong players, coaches studios, community and village leaders Kampar Kuok. Data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation.The results showed that the meaning of the symbolic situation in the art of calempong performances in the village of Kuok Kampar Regency consists of the main tools, musical instruments, calempong, drum, saluang, while the social object of performing arts calempong is non verbal perilkau in the form of movement and kronemik. The meaning of social interaction products of performing arts of calempong in the form of performing arts performances calempong good side players, public figures and spectators. Players interpret the performing arts have the art of cultural value. Kampar community leaders interpret the performing arts have the value of solidarity. While the interpreter interpreted the performing arts as a motivation, as well as feelings of pleasure and pride. The calempong player's open actions include the facial expressions of the calempong music player against the rhythm of the music and the attitude of the calempong players in performing the performing arts of calempong