Reverse Logistics in Pharmaceutical Industry

This study looks into detailed aspects of reverse logistics on the issues that pharmaceutical organizations face. Reverse logistics is now following a trend where it is seen as a competitive advantage and a source of potential revenue. The perception is changing from the tradition of returns being a barrier to profits and a cost burden. Also the sustainability issue being addressed by reverse logistics is beneficiary to pharmaceutical organizations with end-of life products. The discussion contributed to the market perspective and to back up the misconception of returns being a cost issue, when it maintains market share by retaining quality. The perception of those industry practices on the environment and sustainability practiced by organizations has shown less enthusiasm than once thought

Identifying Recent Behavioral Data Length in Mobile Phone Log

Mobile phone log data (e.g., phone call log) is not static as it is progressively added to day-by-day according to individ- ual's diverse behaviors with mobile phones. Since human behavior changes over time, the most recent pattern is more interesting and significant than older ones for predicting in- dividual's behavior. The goal of this poster paper is to iden- tify the recent behavioral data length dynamically from the entire phone log for recency-based behavior modeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dynamic recent log-based study that takes into account individual's recent behavioral patterns for modeling their phone call behaviors.Comment: 14th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services (MobiQuitous 2017), Melbourne, Australi

Poverty and Reefs: Volume 1 A Global Overview

The Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA) provided legal support to the CBFM-2 project and in particular to the 130 Community Based Organisations established under the project. The project was implemented against an uncertain legal background due to many changes in the way that wetlands and fisheries in Bangladesh have been managed over recent decades. Many of the key interventions, such as sanctuaries have yet to receive legal recognition. Many currently accepted norms and practices have come about through gazette notifications or individual decisions rather than being supported by Acts or clear policies. This paper outlines the legal background for community managed fisheries in Bangladesh and the challenges faced during implementation of the project. It also suggests what needs to happen if community managed fisheries are to become more widespread in Bangladesh

The Legal Background to Community Based Fisheries Management in Bangladesh

This booklet, produced as an output from the Community Based Fisheries Management Project -- 2nd Phase(CBFM-2), aims to summarise the legal knowledge and experiences built up and challenges faced during the five years of CBFM-2 implementation. It also suggests a set of legal and policy interventions to ensure future sustainability. The project has established community control over 116 water bodies, spread over 48 Upazilas (sub-district) in 22 districts in Bangladesh. With 130 Community Based Organisations (CBOs), formed under this project, the communities were given the responsibility for management of 116 water bodies -- government owned fisheries (jalmohals) and privately owned seasonal water bodies -- closed beels, open beels, river sections and floodplains. The CBFM-2 project has been managed by the Department of Fisheries in partnership with the WorldFish Center and 11 implementing NGOs -- Banchte Shekha, BRAC, Caritas, CNRS, CRED, GHARONI, Proshika, SDC, SHISUK, and the specialist NGOs FemCom for media communications and BELA for legal support and assistance

Population Dynamics of Vibrios in Biotic Biofilm in the Aquatic Environment of Bangladesh

Abstract: The Vibrio sp. forming biofilm on biotic surface especially chitin and algae was investigated using artificial chitin and Anabaena variabilis from pure culture of laboratory and glued to plexiglass disc. The presence of culturable Vibrio spp. were investigated using cultural technique for TCBS agar medium after homogenization and physicochemical parameters were measured by standard techniques. The Pearson correlation coefficient applied by SPSS software. The results indicated that out of 13 sampling period, only V. cholerae O1 was isolated 7.7% sample while 30.8% samples were positive for V. cholerae non-O1, V. proteolyticus and V. mimicus from canal site. From pond ecosystem, all the chitin samples were negative for V. cholerae O1 but 15.4% were positive for V. cholerae non-O1 and V. proteolyticus and 30.8% samples were positive for V. mimicus. The biofilm formation is significantly correlated with the pH, DO and CO 2 concentration present of the corresponding water. This study indicates that biotic surface like chitin and algae could function to form biofilm and the water physicochemical parameters have the relationship with the Vibrio community present in the samples

The Implementation of The Cunning Punishment in Aceh

The implementation of the 'uqubat whip in Aceh underwent various changes in the procedure for its implementation. The implementation so far has been carried out in an open place that can be watched by the general public, such as the mosque's courtyard. Governor's Regulation Number 5 of 2018 concerning the implementation of uqubat whips in Correctional Institutions as the latest regulation regarding the implementation of uqubat whips reaps the pros and cons in the community. The questions that arise include what are the legal provisions regarding the Governor's Regulation Number 5 of 2018 and the reasons for the transfer of the implementation as well as the community's perspective on the regulation. To answer this, the researcher uses a qualitative method approach, which emphasizes the analysis on the dynamics of the relationship between the observed phenomena using scientific logic and data from library research and field research. From the results of the study, it was found that prior to the Governor's Regulation Number 5 of 2018 concerning the implementation of uqubat whips in Correctional Institutions there were a series of rules governing the implementation of uqubat whips. First, uqubat whipping is shown as a form of punishment in the application of Islamic law in Aceh. It emphasizes that the implementation of uqubat whipping is carried out in an open place that can be seen by the public with the aim of obtaining a deterrent effect for the perpetrators and as a form of prevention for the community so that they can take lessons from implementation of the 'uqubat. However, this latest regulation changes the place of implementation to the Penitentiary with the consideration that the implementation of 'uqubat whipping in an open place is attended by many children. The public's view of this rule has drawn many disapproving responses

Association between infant feeding patterns and diarrhoeal and respiratory illness: A cohort study in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Background In developing countries, infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants aged less than one year. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding in the prevention of infectious diseases during infancy is well known. Although breastfeeding is almost universal in Bangladesh, the rates of exclusive breastfeeding remain low. This cohort study was designed to compare the prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) in infants according to their breastfeeding status in a prospective cohort of infants from birth to six months of age. Methods A total of 351 pregnant women were recruited in the Anowara subdistrict of Chittagong. Breastfeeding practices and the 7-day prevalence of diarrhoea and ARI were recorded at monthly home visits. Prevalences were compared using chi-squared tests and logistic regression. Results A total of 272 mother-infant pairs completed the study to six months. Infants who were exclusively breastfed for six months had a significantly lower 7-day prevalence of diarrhoea [AOR for lack of EBF = 2.50 (95%CI 1.10, 5.69), p = 0.03] and a significantly lower 7-day prevalence of ARI [AOR for lack of EBF = 2.31 (95%CI 1.33, 4.00), p < 0.01] than infants who were not exclusively breastfed. However, when the association between patterns of infant feeding (exclusive, predominant and partial breastfeeding) and illness was investigated in more detail, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of diarrhoea between exclusively [6.6% (95% CI 2.8, 10.4)] and predominantly breastfed infants [3.7% (95% CI 0.09, 18.3), (p = 0.56)]. Partially breastfed infants had a higher prevalence of diarrhoea than the others [19.2% (95% CI 10.4, 27.9), (p = 0.01)]. Similarly, although there was a large difference in prevalence in acute respiratory illness between exclusively [54.2% (95%CI 46.6, 61.8)] and predominantly breastfed infants [70.4% (95%CI 53.2, 87.6)] there was no significant difference in the prevalence (p = 0.17). Conclusion The findings suggest that exclusive or predominant breastfeeding can reduce rates of morbidity significantly in this region of rural Bangladesh