PLAYERS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT COMMERCIALIZATION OF SPORTS IN ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS OF PAKISTAN

Commercialization is the way toward presenting another item or creation strategy into trade making it accessible available. The term frequently implies particularly the passageway into the mass market instead of prior specialty markets, however it additionally incorporates a move from the research facility into even constrained trade. The main objectives of the study are to examine the effects of commercialization of sports in academic institutions. The study was quantitative in nature and sample (n=260) for this research was from eight private and public sector universities of Lahore. The data collection tool was questionnaire containing 20 items. Results and data analysis showed that there is no difference among the opinion of male and female (Sig. 0.362) and among different age groups (Sig. 0.791). Overall results showed that there is positive effect of commercialization of sports in academic institutions as commercialization of sports helps players to develop their financial, sympathetic and caring attitude, their financial support, their recognition in society as well as their social support. Commercialization of sports promotes modesty and quality of life in them. Commercialization’s of sports also help to develop their personality with behavior and ethical values and awareness regarding their role in the society. In future recommendations, there should be panel discussions about commercialization of sports should be organized in collaboration of both coaches and athletes, there should be qualified staff for the commercialization, coaching and training of players, sports organizations and government should take necessary steps for the promotion of commercialization of sports at grass root as well as at international level

PLAYERS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT MODERNIZATION OF SPORTS EQUIPMENT AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL IN PAKISTAN

The main purpose behind conducting this research is to find out the players’ perception about modern sports equipment. With the help of literature review, the researchers came to know about the use of modern sports equipment and its importance. A quantitative research was conducted, and the research pattern adopted was survey research. The population of the study was players of different universities. Researcher collected data through questionnaire based on 20 close ended questions from 250 players as sample out of which 207 were usable in which 132 male and 75 female players were of age above 18 years via Simple random sampling technique. For the data analysis (SPSS) 22.0 Version was used. Individual Item Analysis (Chi-square Test) was used to view the responses against each item of questionnaire. Demographic factors of student players’ regarding age and gender were measured and calculated through ANOVA and T-Test respectively and found no significant difference among male and female (Sig. 0.759) as well as in different age groups (Sig. 0.356). Overall results showed that there are positive results of use of modern equipment on players’ performance. In concern with future recommendations, players should be allowed and facilitated as well as their familiarity with the use of modern sports equipment increased for better outcomes in their sports performance

AN INVESTIGATION OF ELITE OFFICIALS'S PERCEPTION REGARDING REFEREE AND GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY IN PAKISTAN

Background: The main purpose of this study was an investigation of elite official’s perception regarding referee and general self-Efficacy in Pakistan. Methods: The sample of this study was male referees (n=250) and female referees (n=47) selected from different four sports federations: Athletics male (n=67) and female (n=20), Football male (n=85) and female (n=2), Volleyball male (n=53) and female (n=20) and Hockey male (n=45) and female (n=5) from Pakistan. Referee self-Efficacy (REFS) and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale were used to measure the variables. Results: The results of independent sample t-test revealed that there was a significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, game knowledge, decision making, pressure and referee self-efficacy accordingly to gender status. The ANOVA results of athletics, football, volleyball and hockey revealed that there was significant (p<0.01) difference physical fitness, pressure, communication, GSE. The results of ANOVA, (least significant difference test LSD) revealed that there was significant difference between athletics and volleyball, football and volleyball accordingly physical fitness variable. Accordingly pressure variable results revealed that there was significant difference between, football and hockey. Communication variable results revealed that there was significant (p<0.05) difference between athletics and hockey, football and volleyball, volleyball and hockey. The total score of (GSE) results revealed that there was significant (p<.05) difference between athletics and football, athletics and hockey and volleyball and hockey. The Correlation coefficients between all variables were positive and significant relationship each other. Conclusion: The results concluded that male referee and technical officials have high (mean score) of all variables than female, results also indicated that athletics technical officials have high level of referee and general self-efficacy than football, volleyball and hockey official’s

EFFECT OF CROSS FIT EXERCISES ON WEIGHT LOSS OF MALES IN LAHORE

The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of Cross Fit, a latest fitness techniques being used all over the world to get a good physique and health, in reducing weight of male persons ranging from 18 to 25 years. A sample of 8 male students ranging age from 18 to 25 years to measure the change in variables like Body weight, %age Fat ratio, %age of Total Body Water contents, %age of Lean Muscle Mass after applying Cross Fit training program in pre and post analysis. After designing and applying a 28 days Cross Fit plan and diet plans for each individual according to their Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE), it was found that there is a positive significant change in these variables mentioned above which showed that Cross Fit training program d

EXPLICIT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HOME-BASED PHYSICAL TRAINING DURING CORONA-VIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) FOR BEGINNER AND PROFESSIONAL PLAYERS

Purpose: The novel Coronavirus disorder 2019 (COVID-19) globally affecting human behavior, especially affecting human bodily culture, forcing many people around the sphere to quarantine themselves for some time. As for the sake of protection after the out-break of Covid-19, many countries and regions take precautionary measures as they close all the schools and universities and banned all the social activities like travelling, cultural and sports events and prohibited all social gatherings. A lot of training sessions were affected due to the coronavirus pandemic (covid-19). Athletes training, cardio workout drill on a treadmill, bodyweight exercises, dance and energetic virtual reality, can resource to prevent the bodily damage and intellectual cataclysmic outcome of the pandemic and are the pragmatic hints for staying energetic while quarantining or self-isolation. This commentary offers beneficial facts on domestic-primarily based totally on bodily exercises for sedentary humans throughout the continuance, along with kids and adolescents, which could be undertaken for the duration of the prevailing pandemic or different outbreaks of infectious disorder. Conclusion: In this study, the researcher recommended a home-based physical activity plan for beginner and professional players

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CONTROL AND SPORTS

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effects and relationship between social control and sports. Social control is extremely basic for each general public. Without social control, society and in addition individual can't exist. Hence, the need of social control is exceptionally basic. Social control is important for the presence and association of a general public. Players learn violent strategies from sports, this give them a better cure for deviant behaviors. players learns how to obey the laws in sports this enables to develop discipline in society and help to promote cultural values and also it help to develop better instruction among people. Sports are a useful to create accountability environment in society. Results of this research work showed that the sports have positive effect on social control

EFFECT OF CROSS FIT EXERCISES ON WEIGHT LOSS OF MALES IN LAHORE

The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of Cross Fit, a latest fitness techniques being used all over the world to get a good physique and health, in reducing weight of male persons ranging from 18 to 25 years. A sample of 8 male students ranging age from 18 to 25 years to measure the change in variables like Body weight, %age Fat ratio, %age of Total Body Water contents, %age of Lean Muscle Mass after applying Cross Fit training program in pre and post analysis. After designing and applying a 28 days Cross Fit plan and diet plans for each individual according to their Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE), it was found that there is a positive significant change in these variables mentioned above which showed that Cross Fit training program d

Tyrosinase inhibition: conformational analysis based studies on molecular dynamics calculations of bipiperidine based inhibitors.

Two series of variably N-substituted biperidines were synthesized by condensing various acid chlorides, alkyl halides and anhydrides with 1,4-bipiperidine. The new compounds were tested as tyrosinase inhibitors and a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out. Potent inhibition was observed in the case of the 4'-methylbenzyl substitution on this atom (IC50 = 1.72 microM) with this compound being a lead for future drug design. Additionally, calculations of the important QSAR molecular descriptors were done on the biperidine analogues after their 2 ps molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using molecular mechanics force field (MMFF) approaches. Using MD simulations potential and total energies were calculated for the energy minimized models of bipiperidine and the most active analogs 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10