ON PERFORMANCE OF QUANTUM LOCKING FOR WHEEL-LESS TRANSPORTATION

Transportation has continuously been a vital side of human civilization reflective the extent of general economic and technological advancement of a given society. The recent technological advancements in power electronics are pushing for Maglev train using Quantum locking. For levitation the most important factor is temperature which is affecting the efficiency of the train. In this work we have compared different prototypes of Maglev trains including Japanese, German and Chinese technologies. We also did mathematical modeling to relate the magnetic force required for a certain weight of the train to levitate.  We suggest that Japanese maglev is better than Germany and china maglev

Frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in Healthy Donors

Background: To document the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in volunteer non-remunerated blood donors of Rawalpindi/ Islamabad Methods: Record of blood donors from Jamila Sultana Thalassaemia Foundation was analyzed for ABO and Rh blood groups from Sept 2005 to Mar 2008. . Double/multiple entries were excluded. Results: Among voluntary blood donors 3519(79.5%) were males and 907(20.5%) were females. Blood group B+ve was the most frequent (31.2%). AB -ve was the least frequent (0.6%). Frequency of Blood groups A+ve, AB+ve, O+ve, A-ve, B-ve, and O - ve was 21.5%, 9.8%, 29.7%, 1.8%, 2.9%, and 2.5% respectively. The percentage of Rh+ and Rh- blood groups was 92.2% and 7.8% respectively. Conclusion: Blood group B+ was commonest and AB- was least frequent among donors. Rh+ blood group was 92.8%. There was no significant difference in males and female donor

The need for dietary guidelines in Pakistan

Diet is one of the most important contributors to health and disease. Developing countries such as Pakistan are facing a growing epidemic of under nutrition resulting in stunting, wasting and micronutrient deficiencies in the population. This severe situation of under nutrition in the country is coupled with rising tide of non-communicable diseases (NCD) posing the double burden of disease on the country. These burden of NCD, along with over and under nutrition poses a huge burden on the already over-utilized multi-tiered health care system in Pakistan. In this alarming situation, nutrition education in the form of food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) naturally becomes the most essential tool for promoting a health culture within the country and eventually changing behaviour

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF ETHYL SALICYL FUMARATE AND ETHYL FURFURYL FUMARATE

This research was conducted in order to synthesize and investigate the antimicrobial activity of ethyl salicyl fumarate and ethyl furfuryl fumarate. These two target molecules were chosen as the former is the derivative of C-9154 antibiotic containing phenolic hydroxyl group, whereas the latter is an example of C-9154 antibiotic derivative bearing furan ring instead of benzene.Ethyl salicyl fumarate was synthesized from methyl salicylate through reduction with LiAlH4, condensation of salicyl alcohol with maleic anhydride, and esterification of salicyl maleic acid with ethanol in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as the catalyst. These reactions gave satisfactory yields (76-92 %) in all steps involved. Similar to this procedure, ethyl furfuryl fumarate was prepared from furfural through reduction with NaBH4 followed by condensation of the resulted furfuryl alcohol with maleic anhydride and esterification of furfuryl maleic acid with ethanol in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid. Although the reduction of furfural and the condensation of furfuryl alcohol with maleic anhydride could be performed smoothly, the esterification of furfuryl maleic acid with ethanol only gave 38 % yield of ethyl furfuryl fumarate.The results of antimicrobial activity test showed that the value of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of salicyl maleic acid and ethyl salicyl fumarate towards Staphyllococcus aureus were 500 and 100 μg/mL, whereas towards Eschericia coli were 2000 and 4000 μg/mL respectively. In contrast, the MIC values of furfuryl maleic acid and ethyl furfuryl fumarate towards Staphyllococcus aureus and Eschericia coli were 150 and 100 μg/mL respectively.Keywords: synthesis, activity, C-9154 antibiotic, fumarat

Investigating the relationship between quality management and productivity: An analysis of quality and productivity in Pakistani manufacturing companies.

The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which Quality Management Practices has been effectively adopted and implemented by Pakistani manufacturing companies and to identify best practices for adoption by the companies. The study employed primary and secondary data sources to determine the relationship between QM and Productivity. The study used quantitative methodology for data collection and analysis. The survey responses were categorised into foreign owned companies (FOC¿s) and local owned companies (LOC¿s). The outcome of the descriptive and statistical analysis of the survey responses and secondary data of the companies found that, although most of the companies were aware of the significance of the QM practices and Productivity, FOC¿s were found to have performed highly better in the adoption and implementation of QM practices in their companies compared to locally owned companies. The study also revealed that there is positive relationship between quality and productivity of the manufacturing companies. The evidence deduced from the study shows that foreign owned companies have performed better compared to local owned companies in terms of quality and productivity. Furthermore, the evidence from this study also points out that, automobile sector of Pakistan performed well in the adoption and implementation of QM practices. Strong positive link between quality and productivity was found in the case of automobile companies. This study therefore recommends for manufacturing companies in Pakistan to effectively adopt and implement Quality management practices that encapsulate the study¿s framework for adoption of QM practices (see figure 7.1)

Assessment of Metered-Dose Inhalers with Spacer Technique among Postgraduate Trainees

OBJECTIVES Most obstructive airway disease medications are used via inhalers, and their proper use is significant for effectively treating these diseases. Most patients misuse it. However, some studies showed that many physicians also do not know the proper meter dose inhaler with the spacer technique. This study aimed to assess metered-dose inhalers with spacer technique among postgraduate trainee doctors. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. The total time was six months, from Dec 6 2020, to Jun 5 2021. Postgraduate trainee (PGT) doctors of either gender with an age range of 25 to 35 years were included in the study from different departments. Those with every use of inhalers were excluded from the study. Demographic details of PGTs, like age and gender, were recorded. RESULTS Among 96 patients, males were 85 (88.54%), and females were 11 (11.46%). The mean age was 30.02±1.84 years, and the mean training experience was 2.0521 ±0.89. Inhaler technique was Proper in 20 (20.83%), Improper in 51 (53.13%) and Poor in 25 (26.04%) doctors. Those with more training periods, pulmonology rotation, attended workshops on inhaler techniques and with relatives using inhalers were more acknowledged of proper meter dose inhalers (MDIs) with spacer technique. CONCLUSION Only one-fifth of the postgraduate trainees know proper MDIs techniques. The attendance of workshops and pulmonology rotation is encouraged to enhance the knowledge of physicians regarding MDIs techniques

Electron emission characterization of laser-induced gaseous plasma

Laser induced hydrogen plasma has been investigated as a source of electrons. The energy, temperature and flux of the electrons have been determined by using two different temporal detectors; Faraday cup and Rogowski coil. The energy, temperature and flux were measured from the electrons extracted from laser induced hydrogen plasma. The Rogowski coil has been used for measurement of flux and current whereas Faraday cup has been used to determine the current density in laser induced plasma. The energy and temperature of the electrons are measured by the time of flight method in the range of 1.23 - 5.04 keV and 2516.26 eV, respectively. The flux of the electrons has been measured ≈ 1015 by Rogowski coil and the maximum current has been measured to be 39.6 kA. The current density has been measured by the Faraday cup ranges from 20 Am-2 to 23 Am-2

Slow viscous flow through regular arrays of cylinders and spheres

slow viscous flow through regular arrays of cylinders and spheres is studied theoretically and the drag force exerted by the fluid on a cylinder or a sphere forming the regular array is calculated. The method used essentially consists of comparing a solution of the Stokes equations outside a cylinder or a sphere with a sum of solutions having equal singularities inside every cylinder or sphere of the regular array . For cylinders, results are given for square and tr iangular arrays for flow parallel and perpendicular to the axes of cylinders, while for spheres results are given only for a simple cubic array . Results agree well with the corresponding values reported by previous researchers, notably Hasirnoto (1959)