Estimation of Fetal Weight by Johnson’s Formula, Ultrasound and after Delivery

Objective: The ultimate objective of this study was to assess and validate the accuracy of fetal weight measurement by using Johnson’s formula and its comparison with fetal weight estimated by using ultrasound. Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahwalpur. This study took 5 months (16, January 2018 to 20, July 2019). In this trial total number of 369 pregnant mothers were included and Systematic random sampling was used for selection of mothers. First mother was selected randomly. All the data entered and analyzed by computer software SPSS 23.2. The value of P=0.005 considered to be significant. Result: A total number of 100% (n=369) women were included in this study. The mean age, parity, height and weight of the patients was 29.12±4.02 years, 2.86±1.5parity, and 149.9±3.94 cm and 51.86±3.86 kg respectively. The study population comprised of 60.4% (n=223) illiterate and 39.6% (n=146) literate women. The age distribution showed 62.3% (n=230) women between 21-30 years 37.7% (n=139) between 31-40 years. There were 54.2% (n=200) women with height 140-150 cm and 45.8% (n=169) between 151-160 cm. It was observed that there were 36% (n=133) women had weight between 40-50 kg and 64% (n=236) had weight between 51-60 kg. There were 66.1% (n=244) women had parity between 1-3 and 33.9% (n=125) had parity between 4-6.The Johnson’s formula was seen to over-estimate the fetal weight. To check the equality of means weight, one way ANOVA was applied, it was seen that all the variables i.e. Johnson’s formula, ultrasound and actual weight had the different means with significant p-value i.e. 0.000 having F-value 18.08. Conclusion: We can conclude from this study that the fetal weight estimated by Johnson’s formula is overestimated while ultrasound estimation of fetal weight always is near to actual weight after delivery.    Keyword: Fetal weight, Clinical method, Johnson’s formula, and Ultrasound. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/65-09 Publication date: June 30th 202

Efektivitas Terapi Mendengarkan Murottal Al-Quran Terhadap Stres Pada Lansia Di UPTD Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penurunan tingkat stress pada lansia dengan terapi mendengarkan murottal al-quran di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda, metode penelitian ini yaitupre experimen one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi adalah seluruh lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda sejumlah 96 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 16 orang. .instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah baku yaitu depression anxiety stress scale 42 (dass 42), hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat suatu perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan dengan hasil skor skala stres mean pre27,19 dan mean post 15,63, dan skala murottal al-qur’an mean pre 39,38 dan mean post 45,69 kesimpulan setelah menggunakan uji paired sample t test maka didapatkan hasil nilai p = 0,00 dengan α = 0,05, yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Ini yaituterdapat pengaruh tingkat stress pada lansia setelah mendengarkan murotal al-qur’an di Panti Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda

Relationship between Narcissism and Selfie Posting Behavior; Mediating Role of Loneliness and Self-esteem among Adolescents

Narcissism is characterized by an abnormally high sense of self-importance that leads to different mental health issues. The current study was aimed at observing the mediating role of loneliness and self-esteem between narcissism and selfie-posting behavior among adolescents. To examine the psychometric properties of scales, a sample of 300 students was collected and further divided into two groups of male (n = 193) and female (n = 107) participants by using a convenient sampling strategy. The age range of participants was from 18 to 35 years old. Urdu-translated versions of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory by Raskin and Hall (1988), the Selfitis Scale by Amna Amjad (2017), the UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell, Peplau, and Cutrona (1980), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale by Rosenberg (1965) were used to analyze the constructs of this study. The findings of the current study show a significant relationship between variables such as narcissism that is positively correlated with selfie-posting behavior, loneliness, and self-esteem. Regression analysis revealed that narcissism significantly predicts selfie-posting behavior. Mediation analysis shows the significant mediation of loneliness between narcissism and selfie-posting behavior. Mediation results are non-significant in the case of self-esteem. The implications of the current study suggest the need for interventions to deal with loneliness and alleviate the potentially detrimental effects of narcissism on the behaviors associated with selfie posting. These interventions may encourage healthy online behaviors among adolescents by encouraging social bonds and lowering loneliness. Further limitations of the study are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided

Association of obesity with infertility among Pakistani men: A case control study

Background: The reported prevalence of infertility in Pakistan is 21% of which 35% is contributed by male factor. Male infertility has multifactorial etiologies ranging from modifiable to genetic risk factors. Among all the risk factors that may account for male infertility, obesity is one of the emerging public health problems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the association of obesity with infertility in Pakistani men.Methods: We conducted a case control study. Cases were men with impaired semen parameters and controls did not have impaired semen parameters.Results: The final multivariable logistic regression model after adjusting for the effect of other variables revealed that with every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI the odds of being infertile was 6% higher as compared to being fertile (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.11). Moreover the odds of having education of higher secondary or above was 3 times greater among cases as compared with the controls (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.66, 5.77). Furthermore the odds of having previous medical conditions increasing the risk of infertility was higher among cases as compared with the controls (OR = 3.07; 95% CI = 1.63, 5.79).Conclusion & recommendations: This study indicates that obesity is an important risk factor for male infertility. Moreover our findings also indicate that higher educational status and previous medical conditions are also associated with male infertility. Thus awareness can be raised through treating physicians and public health messages

Polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus.

Polypoid adenomyoma is a rare uterine endometrial polypoid tumor of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal origin. Although the clinical and pathologic features of polypoid adenomyomas have been described extensively, imaging findings for these tumors have not been frequently reported in the literature. On imaging, their features may be confused with prolapsed leiomyomas or malignancy. Hemorrhagic cystic spaces in a prolapsed uterine tumor within the vagina should raise consideration of a diagnosis of polypoid adenomyoma. Such blood-containing cystic spaces would be unusual findings in leiomyomas and malignancy. Diagnosing polypoid adenomyoma is vital because it can potentially be managed by hysteroscopic resection, unlike an ordinary form of adenomyosi

Prevalence of tobacco use among women: a cross sectional survey from a squatter settlement of Karachi, Pakistan

Background: While the prevalence of tobacco use has been slowly declining in the developed countries, rates have been steadily rising in the developing countries. This has led to a rapid rise in tobacco related lung diseases among women. Objective: Determine the prevalence of tobacco use (both smoking and smokeless) among women in an urban squatter settlement (Orangi Town) in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 19,325 females aged between 15 and 80 years in Orangi Town, an urban squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. Modified questionnaire, developed by World Health Organization WHO and Global Adult Tobacco survey (GATS), was used in Urdu. A total of 16,987 women agreed to participate. Results: The mean age was 37.3 ± 9.8 years amongst whom 15,255 (89.80%) were married, 9143 (53.82%) admitted that at least one person uses tobacco in some form in their homes. The prevalence of smokeless tobacco was 42.25% (7178). The prevalence of smoking tobacco was low as compared to smokeless tobacco i.e. 18.0% (3058). Among smokers, 85.47% (1789) admitted that they had tried to quit smoking during last 12 months but failed. CONCLUSION: Tobacco use among women in an urban squatter settlement is very high and alarming. Preventive and control measures against tobacco use are required in these communities

Association of depression and life satisfaction with low resilience among married women of Karachi, Pakistan

Background: The concept of resilience is very crucial in promoting positive psychological well-being. However, this construct was never looked among married women of Karachi, Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and the associated risk factors of resilience in Pakistan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey, using the Wagnild Resilience Scale (RS) to assess resilience, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) for measuring depression and Trait Wellbeing Inventory for determining Life Satisfaction. Systematic sampling was employed to enroll 636 participants of aged 20 to 40 years living in two urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. Prevalence ratio was computed with their 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 636 married women participated in the study. The average age of females with low resilience was 29.8 (5.7) whereas the mean age of females with high resilience was 31.1 (5.7). Around 90% of all the participants could speak in Urdu. The prevalence of low resilience among women was 21.9%. Moreover, the prevalence of depression among low resilience group was 43.9% whereas the mean life satisfaction score among females with low resilience was lower than females with high resilience. The females who had low resilience were younger and had no formal/informal education as compared to their counterparts. After controlling for other variables, the prevalence of low resilience was 1.78 times more among depressed females as compared to the non-depressed with a 95% CI: (1.27-2.51). Moreover with every one unit increase in the life satisfaction scores, the prevalence of low resilience decreased 9%. Furthermore, age and informal schooling were also found to be significantly associated with resilience. Conclusion: Depression and life satisfaction are the potential modifiable risk factors for resilience and hence we can improve resilience through interventions that may focus on reducing depression and improving satisfaction towards life. Our study also recommends that health care professionals should be educated about these modifiable risk factors to bring about a change in the society and reduce the mental health illness by promoting constructive adaptation

Comparison of Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Fever

Background: To compare vitamin D levels in patients of dengue hemorrhagic fever with dengue feverMethods: A total of 50 patients with diagnosed dengue fever, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups having 25 participants each; one group had Dengue fever (DF) while the other was suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Vitamin D was estimated by the chemiluminescence method. Pearson’s Chi-square was applied to compare the proportion of patients in each study group. Relative Risk was measured along with 95% confidence interval. Significant p-value was < 0.05.Results: Mean age of patients was 37.79 ± 15.2 years (range: 16-90 years). There were 74% males and 26% females. Mean vitamin D levels in dengue fever patients were higher (21.5 ± 13.6 ng/ml) as compared to Dengue hemorrhagic fever (12.4 ± 5.6 ng/ml). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.003).Conclusions: Vitamin D may have a role in the management of dengue fever. Low levels of vitamin D might be associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever