A General Design Rule for Bearing Failure of Bolted Connections Between Cold-formed Steel Strips

This paper presents the results of a finite element investigation on the structural performance of cold-formed steel bolted connections. A parametric study on various connection configurations was performed to relate the bearing resistances of cold-formed steel bolted connections with steel strengths and thicknesses, and bolt diameters. A semi-empirical design rule for bearing resistances of bolted connections based on finite element results is proposed in which the bearing resistances are directly related with the design yield strength, and the design tensile strength of steel strips, steel thickness, and also with bolt diameters. Design expressions for resistance contributions due to both bearing and friction actions are given after calibration against finite element results

Flexible and Strong Robust Superhydrophobic Monoliths with Antibacterial Property

The self-cleaning properties of water-repellent superhydrophobic surfaces hinder bacterial adhesion. However, one of the most critical issues for superhydrophobic surfaces is the durability or stability of the water-repellent property, since the micro- or nanoscale structures on superhydrophobic surfaces are fragile and can be easily destroyed. Once the superhydrophobicity is lost, the surface anti-adhesion and antibacterial properties will decline. In this work, we present a large-scale fabrication of free-standing silicone-based composite monoliths with strong robust superhydrophobic properties under abrasion, stretching, bending, twisting, knife-scratch, high external pressure and low temperature. The water-repellent property prevents bacteria adhesion, and the addition of antimicrobial particles will further kill any surface-attached bacteria. The general fabrication can be extended to other elastic silicone-based antibacterial materials on a large scale, which are potentially advantageous in practical applications

Particle acceleration and the origin of gamma-ray emission from Fermi Bubbles

Fermi LAT has discovered two extended gamma-ray bubbles above and below the galactic plane. We propose that their origin is due to the energy release in the Galactic center (GC) as a result of quasi-periodic star accretion onto the central black hole. Shocks generated by these processes propagate into the Galactic halo and accelerate particles there. We show that electrons accelerated up to ~10 TeV may be responsible for the observed gamma-ray emission of the bubbles as a result of inverse Compton (IC) scattering on the relic photons. We also suggest that the Bubble could generate the flux of CR protons at energies > 10^15 eV because the shocks in the Bubble have much larger length scales and longer lifetimes in comparison with those in SNRs. This may explain the the CR spectrum above the knee.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Expanded version of the contribution to the 32nd ICRC, Beijing, #0589. To appear in the proceeding

Interpretation of the ion mass spectra in the mass range 25-35 obtained in the inner coma of Halley's comet by the HIS-sensor of the Giotto IMS Experiment

The IMS-HIS double-focussing mass spectrometer that flew on the Giotto spacecraft covered the mass per charge range from 12 to 56 (AMU/e). By comparing flight data, calibration data, and results of model calculations of the ion population in the inner coma, the absolute mass scale is established, and ions in the mass range 25 to 35 are identified. Ions resulting from protonation of molecules with high proton affinity are relatively abundant, enabling us to estimate relative source strengths for H2CO, CH3OH, HCN, and H2S, providing for the first time a positive in situ measurement of methanol. Also, upper limits for NO and some hydrocarbons are derived

On a Unified Definition of the Service System: What is its Identity?

In this paper, a unified definition of the service system is proposed. The motivation of this research effort is based on our observation that there are diverse definitions or descriptions of the service system in the literature and they have not provided an identity of the service system. Our goal to define the service system is thus to establish its identity. The most salient feature in our definition is the introduction of three subsystems in a service system: infrastructure, substance, and management. The substance flows over the infrastructure under the constraints of management. A service is established at the moment when the substance interacts with the human to cause a change in the human's status or state under a protocol, which further meets the human's request and need. With this new definition, a service system can be distinguished from other systems, such as manufacturing system, agricultural system, and product system. The new definition will be useful to classification of various service systems and various theories for service systems, which is the key to knowledge management for service systems and to optimization of design and management of service systems. © 2014 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

GRBs Optical follow-up observation at Lulin observatory, Taiwan

The Lulin GRB program, using the Lulin One-meter Telescope (LOT) in Taiwan started in July 2003. Its scientific aims are to discover optical counterparts of XRFs and short and long GRBs, then to quickly observe them in multiple bands. Thirteen follow-up observations were provided by LOT between July 2003 and Feb. 2005. One host galaxy was found at GRB 031203. Two optical afterglows were detected for GRB 040924 and GRB 041006. In addition, the optical observations of GRB 031203 and a discussion of the non-detection of the optical afterglow of GRB 031203 are also reported in this article.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure. Accepted for publication into "il nuovo cimento". Proceeding of the 4th Rome GRB conference, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendr

Factors Associated Mosquito Larvae Eradication and Early Management of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever among Poor Community in Lokapaksa Village, Buleleng, Bali

BACKGROUND: Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a public health importance in the world. It causes hospitalization, death of patients, and high healthcare costs. This study aimed to describe factors associated mosquito larvae eradication and early management of DHF among poor community in Lokapaksa village, Buleleng, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study carried out in poor community in Lokapaksa village, Buleleng, Bali. The study subjects included 30 household heads and village heads. The data were colected by focus group discussion, indepth interview, and direct observation. RESULTS: Outbreak of DHF occurred in Bali. In January 2016, 4 patients died from DHF. In 2015, according to the Provincial Health Office, there were 910 DHF cases, of which 262 cases occured in Buleleng, 245 cases occured in Gianyar districts. The response to new cases by clinics and community health centers was often late. Most of the villagers had low level of knowledge in mosquito larva eradication and early mana-gement of DHF. Mosquito larvae were found in about half of the houses surveyed. All of the household studied threw garbage in the backyard of houses. Health personnels had ever implemented fogging. CONCLUSIONS: The villagers had low level of knowledge and poor practice in mosquito larva eradication and early management of DHF. Environment sanitation was poor. Health care system had late response in the incidence of new cases. Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, mosquito larvae, larva eradication, early case managemen

Qualitative Study on Pet-Related Human Behaviour and Other Risk Factors of Rabies in Buleleng, Bali

BACKGROUND: Bali has been an endemic province since 2008. Rabies cause specific death was 8, 1, and 2, respectively, in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Number of dog or cat bites was 55836, 44690, and 46877, respectively, in 2012, 2013, and 2014. The study aimed to explore pet-related human behavior and other risk factors of rabies in Buleleng, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study conducted in poor communities living in Bulian village, Kubutambahan sub-district, Buleleng district, Bali. Twenty households were purposively selected for this study. The key informants included household members, heads of hamlet, and head of village. The data were collected by in-depth interview, direct observation, and document review. RESULTS: House condition and sanitation were acceptable, despite low socio-economic position of community members. Dog population was high. Most of them lived wild, unattended, or did not have identity neck-lace. Ten out of 20 household interviewed reported that their members were bitten by dog over the past year. Most of the dogs had never been vaccinated. Most of the villagers had poor knowledge and practice on how to treat wounds. Villagers usually let the dogs that had bitten human to live free or killed them immediately. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled of dog population, widespread unvacci-nated dogs, uncontrolled dog mobility, lack of proper knowledge and practice on wound treatment, were the main risk factors of rabies incidence. Keywords: rabies, dog bite, pet-related human behavior, risk facto