Socioemotional Factors and Cardiovascular Risk: What Is the Relationship in Brazilian Older Adults?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular risk is composed of several modifiable factors that cannot be explained only at the individual level. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between socioemotional factors and cardiovascular risk in older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with data from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros, ELSI-Brazil), population based with data collected between 2015 and 2016. Cardiovascular risk-the study outcome-was assessed using the WHO/ISH Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Charts. The exposure variables were perceived social support from those who would receive help in situations and productive and leisurely social participation carried out in the last 12 months. We used crude and adjusted logistic regression for socioeconomic conditions, health conditions, and lifestyle habits to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the occurrence of the outcome. RESULTS: There were 6,005 participants between 50 and 74 years old with complete data. Of these, 18.7% (95% CI: 16.9-20.6) had high cardiovascular risk. Being in the highest tertile of greater social participation is associated with a lower prevalence of high cardiovascular risk (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.50-0.95), adjusted for all variables, when compared to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, the absence of perceived social support is associated with a higher prevalence in different models. Perceived social support from close family members (son/daughter, son-in-law, and daughter-in-law) for material issues is associated with a higher prevalence, whereas having support from friends for affective resources is associated with a lower prevalence of high cardiovascular risk. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Socioemotional factors such as lack of perceived social support and social participation were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk. This suggested that the development of strategies aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk during aging needs to consider socioemotional factors and social relationships

Is the combination of depression symptoms and multimorbidity associated with the increase of the prevalence of functional disabilities in Brazilian older adults? A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Functional disabilities are more prevalent in older adults with multimorbidity and depression. However, few studies have investigated the combination of multimorbidity and depression with functional disability. This study aims to verify whether symptoms of depression and multimorbidity combined increase the prevalence of functional disability in Brazilian older adults. / Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline examination in 2015-2016 in adults aged 50 years and older. The variables included were basic (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depressive symptoms, multimorbidity (≥2 chronic diseases), sociodemographic variables, and lifestyle. Logistic regression was performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios. / Results: A total of 7,842 participants over 50 years of age were included. Of these, 53.5% were women and 50.5% were between 50 and 59 years old, 33.5% reported ≥4 depressive symptoms, 51.4% had multimorbidity, 13.5% reported difficulty in performing at least one BADL, and 45.1% reported difficulty in performing the IADL. In the adjusted analysis, the prevalence of difficulty on BADL was 6.52 (95% CI: 5.14; 8.27) and on IADL was 2.34 (95% CI: 2.15; 2.55), higher for those with depression and multimorbidity combined when compared with those without these conditions. / Conclusion: The combination of symptoms of depression and multimorbidity may increase functional impairments in the BADL and IADL of Brazilian older adults, impairing self-efficacy, independence, and autonomy. Early detection of these factors benefits the person, their family, and the healthcare system for health promotion and disease prevention

The combined effect of anemia and dynapenia on mortality risk in older adults: 10-Year evidence from the ELSA cohort study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Anemia and dynapenia can occur simultaneously. Separately, both conditions increase the mortality risk with advancing age. However, there is no epidemiological evidence on the combined effect of these conditions on mortality in older adults. We investigated whether combined anemia and dynapenia increase the mortality risk, and whether there are gender differences. METHODS: A 10-year follow-up study was conducted involving 5,310 older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). According to the diagnosis of anemia (hemoglobin concentration < 13.0 g/dL in men and < 12.0 g/dL in women) and dynapenia (grip strength < 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women), individuals at baseline were categorized as "non-anemic/non-dynapenic", "dynapenic", "anemic" and "anemic/dynapenic". The outcome was all-cause mortality during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 984 deaths were computed during the follow-up (63.7% in non-anemic/non-dynapenic, 22.8% in dynapenic, 7.5% in anemic and 6.0% in anemic/dynapenic). Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models stratified by sex showed that anemia and dynapenia combined was associated with an increased mortality risk in men (HR: 1.64; 95% IC 1.08 - 2.50) and women (HR: 2.17; 95% CI 1.44 - 3.26). Anemia in men (HR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.22 - 2.32) and dynapenia in women (HR: 1.37; 95% CI 1.09 - 1.72) were also risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of anemia and dynapenia increases the mortality risk, highlighting the need for early identification, prevention, and treatment of these conditions to reduce their complications and the mortality risk

O enfermeiro na prevenção de infecção no cateter central de inserção periférica no neonato

Introduction: As the Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is the first choice of prolonged vascular access in preterm infants, to recognize the risk factors for infection related to its use contributes to the establishment of procedures that qualify care. Objective: To evaluate the production of knowledge available in the literature about the work of nurses in the prevention of infection related to PICC. Method: An integrative literature review according to Ganong’s assumptions, was performed in the SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Data collection took place in October 2017, including original articles made available in full from 2001. Results were organized using Bardin’s content analysis. Results: Only eleven articles met the inclusion criteria and four thematic categories emerged: 1) Theoretical and practical knowledge assessment of the nurse to prevent infection in the insertion and maintenance of PICC, 2) Permanent education of the nursing team, 3) Implementation and use of protocols, and 4) Constant monitoring of quality indicators. Conclusions: The present work, through the analysis of the collected studies, signals the need to create institutional protocols, training and permanent and continuing education, to use de indicators in the prevention of infection, aiming at patient care and safety and, consequently, resulting in lower incidence of bloodstream infections through the use of PICC.Introdução: Como o cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) é a primeira escolha de acesso vascular prolongado em neonatos, reconhecer os fatores de risco associados a infecções relacionadas ao seu uso contribui para estabelecer critérios de manuseio e manutenção do dispositivo que qualifiquem a assistência do enfermeiro e de sua equipe. Objetivo: Avaliar a produção do conhecimento científico na literatura acerca da atuação do enfermeiro na prevenção de infecção de corrente sanguínea pelo uso do PICC. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura seguindo os pressupostos de Ganong, nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e PubMed. A coleta de dados ocorreu em outubro de 2017, incluindo artigos disponibilizados na íntegra a partir de agosto de 2001 a outubro de 2017. Para a organização dos resultados, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Onze artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão, emergindo quatro categorias temáticas: 1) Conhecimento teórico-prático do enfermeiro para prevenção de infecção na inserção e manutenção do PICC, 2) Educação permanente da equipe de enfermagem, 3) Implantação e utilização de protocolos e 4) Vigilância constante de indicadores de qualidade. Conclusões: O presente trabalho observou o despreparo do profissional da enfermagem quanto ao dispositivo PICC e demonstrou a necessidade de elaboração de protocolos institucionais, treinamento e educação continuada permanente e o uso de indicadores, direcionados às medidas preventivas contra a infecção do PICC. Essas medidas visam melhorar a qualidade da assistência e segurança do paciente e consequentemente, resultar em menor incidência de infecções de corrente sanguínea pelo uso do PICC

Ergonomia de software na interface de projetos educativos a aplicação de critérios de usabilidade em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem destinado à formação de professores / Software ergonomy in the interface of educational projects the application of usability criteria in a virtual learning environment for teacher training

Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem – AVA’s estão no ciberespaço e são ambientes desenvolvidos para mediar práticas educativas colaborativas. Entretanto, alguns projetos de ambientes virtuais, pouco se preocupam com a qualidade no desenvolvimento e aplicação de critérios de usabilidade em suas interfaces, o que resulta na maioria das vezes, no desinteresse, dificuldade de aprendizagem e evasão dos estudantes do curso. Neste sentido, a pesquisa buscou investigar a usabilidade do AVA do curso de Pós-graduação Lato Sensu em Educação, Pobreza e Desigualdade Social, desenvolvido por uma instituição pública de ensino superior para as mediações didático-pedagógicas na formação continuada de profissionais da educação.  Para tanto, realizou-se uma validação ergonômica de usabilidade pela lista de verificação de Dominique Scapin e Christian Bastien. Os resultados mostraram que o AVA em estudo, possui  qualidade na interação humano-computador, pois se caracteriza como uma interface simples, intuitiva e flexível. Essa qualidade é extremamente importante para os processos das mediações didáticas e da aprendizagem, pois sem ela, todo o processo pedagógico mediado por um recurso tecnológico virtual estaria comprometido. A existência de usabilidade na interface de um AVA reflete de maneira satisfatória nos processos de aprendizagem dos seus usuários e, por isso, faz-se necessário que esses critérios estejam presentes no desenvolvimento de projetos educativos

Pertussis in children: an integrative review

Justificativa e Objetivos: Apesar dos esforços despendidos pelo Programa Nacional de Imunizações, a coqueluche é um agravo que ainda gera grandes preocupações para a saúde pública. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as evidências na literatura sobre coqueluche na infância que indicassem as práticas de assistência à saúde necessárias para sua prevenção, promoção e controle. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, MedLine, PubMed, SciELO, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) utilizando os descritores Whooping Cough, Epidemiology, Vaccination. A revisão foi realizada em maio de 2020 e abrangeu a literatura disponível na íntegra, publicada em português, inglês ou espanhol, sem delimitação de ano. Resultados: Dentre os 1.248 artigos selecionados apenas nove foram analisados (a maioria norteamericana), dos quais 55% eram estudos realizados para prevenção de coqueluche. Quanto à autoria dos estudos, em 67% das publicações havia participação de um epidemiologista. Conclusão: Esta investigação mostra as evidências científicas sobre a coqueluche na infância, necessárias para prevenir, controlar, promover a assistência e definir o perfil epidemiológico desse agravo nessa população. Os resultados revelaram nível de evidência cinco, sugerindo que as pesquisas desenvolvidas na área não retratam fortes evidências