356 research outputs found
Empathy and emotional intelligence: What is it really about?
Empathy is the "capacity" to share and understand anotherâs "state of mind" or emotion. Itis often characterized as the ability to âput oneself into anotherâs shoesâ, or in some way experience the outlookor emotions of another being within oneself. Empathy is a powerful communication skill that is often misunderstoodand underused. Initially, empathy was referred to as âbedside mannerâ; now, however, authors and educatorsconsider empathetic communication a teachable, learnable skill that has tangible benefits for both clinicianand patient: Effective empathetic communication enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of the clinician-patientrelationship. Appropriate use of empathy as a communication tool facilitates the clinical interview, increases theefficiency of gathering information, and honours the patient. Additionally, Emotional Intelligence (EI), often measuredas an Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ), describes a concept that involves the ability, capacity, skill or aself-perceived ability, to identify, assess, and manage the emotions of oneâs self, of others, and of groups. Becauseit is a relatively new area of psychological research, the concept is constantly changing. The EQ concept argues thatIQ, or conventional intelligence, is too narrow; that there are wider areas of emotional intelligence that dictate andenable how successful we are. Success requires more than IQ (Intelligence Quotient), which has tended to be thetraditional measure of intelligence, ignoring essential behavioural and character elements. Weâve all met peoplewho are academically brilliant and yet are socially and inter-personally inept. And we know that despite possessinga high IQ rating, success does not automatically follow. The aim of this review is to describe the concept of empathyand emotional intelligence, compare it to other similar concepts and clarify their importance as vital parts of effectivesocial functioning. Just how vital they are, is a subject of constant debate
The 1996 research assessment exercise : the library and information management panel
Reports on the 1996 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), the fourth such exercise aimed at providing funding councils of UK universities (including former polytechnics) with the necessary data to rate the quality of UK academic research for predetermined units of assessment in order to fund research selectively. Previous RAEs were conducted in 1986, 1989, and 1992 (for a report of the 1992 RAE see JOLIS 26 (3) Sep 94, 141-7 (LISA ref. 9409765)). Reports generally on the work of the Library and Information Management Panel in agreeing criteria specific to their assessment task, particularly the five principal modes of publication: research monographs; articles in scholarly periodicals; refereed conference papers; published research reports; and book chapters. Discusses the methodology used by the Panel, research submissions received and the overall results
Non-trivial Soliton Scattering in Planar Integrable Systems
The behavior of solitons in integrable theories is strongly constrained by
the integrability of the theory, that is by the existence of an infinite number
of conserved quantities that these theories are known to possess. As a result
the soliton scattering of such theories are expected to be trivial (with no
change of direction, velocity or shape). In this paper we present an extended
review on soliton scattering of two spatial dimensional integrable systems
which have been derived as dimensional reductions of the self-dual
Yang-Mills-Higgs equations and whose scattering properties are highly
non-trivial.Comment: 25 pages + 9 Figures, Review Paper to appear in International Journal
of Modern Physics
Prevalence, incidence burden and clinical impact of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance: a national prevalent cohort study in acute care hospitals in Greece
Purpose: Assessing the overall burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is challenging, but imperative in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of infection control programs. This study aimed to estimate the point prevalence and annual incidence of HAIs in Greece and assess the excess length of stay (LOS) and mortality attributable to HAIs, overall and for main infection sites and tracer antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and pathogens.
Patients and methods: This prevalent cohort study used a nationally representative cross-section of 8,247 inpatients in 37 acute-care hospitals to record active HAIs of all types at baseline and overall LOS and in-hospital mortality up to 90 days following hospital admission. HAI incidence was estimated using prevalence-to-incidence conversion methods. Excess mortality and LOS were assessed by Cox regression and multistate models correcting for confounding and time-dependent biases.
Results: HAIs were encountered with daily prevalence of 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8% â 10.6%). The estimated annual HAI incidence was 5.2% (95%CI 4.4% â 5.3%), corresponding to approximately 121,000 (95%CI 103,500 â 123,700) affected patients each year in the country. 90-day mortality risk was increased by 80% in patients with HAI compared to those without HAI (adjusted hazard ratio 1.8; 95%CI 1.3 â 2.6). Lower respiratory tract infections, bloodstream infections and multiple concurrent HAIs doubled the risk of death, whereas surgical site and urinary-tract infections were are not associated with increased mortality. AMR had significant impact on the daily risk of 90-day mortality, which was increased by 90%-110% in patients infected by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens (CR-GNBs). HAIs increased LOS for an average of 4.3 (95% CI 2.4â 6.2) additional days. Mean excess LOS exceeded 20 days in infections caused by major CR-GNBs.
Conclusion: HAIs, alongside with increasing AMR, pose significant burden to the hospital system. Burden estimates obtained in this study will be valuable in future evaluations of infection prevention programs
The bubbles of matter from multiskyrmions
The multiskyrmions with large baryon number B given by rational map (RM)
ansaetze can be described reasonably well within the domain wall approximation,
or as spherical bubbles with energy and baryon number density concentrated at
their boundary. A special class of profile functions is considered
approximating the true profile and domain wall behaviour at the same time. An
upper bound is obtained for the masses of RM multiskyrmions which is close to
the calculated masses, especially at large B. The gap between rigorous upper
and lower bounds for large B multiskyrmions is less than 4%. The basic
properties of such bubbles of matter are investigated, some of them being of
universal character, i.e. they do not depend on baryon number of configuration
and on the number of flavors. As a result, the lagrangian of the Skyrme type
models provides field theoretical realization of the bag model of special kind.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
Multiskyrmions and baryonic bags
Analytical treatment of skyrmions given by rational map (RM) ansaetze
proposed recently for the Skyrme model is extended to the model including the
6-th order term in chiral fields derivatives in the lagrangian (the SK6 variant
of the model) and used for calculation of different properties of
multiskyrmions. For special class of profile functions approximating the true
profile and the domain wall behaviour at the same time, the masses and other
static properties of multiskyrmions are expressed in terms of the Euler-type
integrals. An upper bound is obtained for the masses of RM multiskyrmions which
is close to the calculated masses, especially at large B. The gap between
rigorous upper bound and lower bound, obtained for the SK6 model as well, for
large B multiskyrmions is less than 9%, in comparison with about 4% for the SK4
(Skyrme) variant. The basic properties of such bubbles of matter are
investigated, some of them, e.g. the thickness of the bubbles envelope, being
of universal character, i.e. they do not depend on baryon number of
configuration, or reveal a simple and natural dependence. The dependence of
these properties on the number of flavours is absent or very weak in both
models. Qualitatively, the properties of the baryonic bags are the same for the
SK6 and SK4 variants of the model, although differ in some details.Comment: 16 pages, no figure
Complete Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics of Magnetic Monopoles in N=4 SYM Theory
We find the most general low energy dynamics of 1/2 BPS monopoles in the N=4
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories (SYM) when all six adjoint Higgs expectation
values are turned on. When only one Higgs is turned on, the Lagrangian is
purely kinetic. When all six are turned on, however, this moduli space dynamics
is augmented by five independent potential terms, each in the form of half the
squared norm of a Killing vector field on the moduli space. A generic
stationary configuration of the monopoles can be interpreted as stable non BPS
dyons, previously found as non-planar string webs connecting D3-branes. The
supersymmetric extension is also found explicitly, and gives the complete
quantum mechanics of monopoles in N=4 SYM theory. We explore its supersymmetry
algebra.Comment: Errors in the SUSY algebra corrected. The version to appear in PR
Dynamical Toroidal Hopfions in a Ferromagnet with Easy-Axis Anisotropy
Three-dimensional toroidal precession solitons with a nonzero Hopf index,
which uniformly move along the anisotropy axis in a uniaxial ferromagnet, have
been found. The structure and existence region of the solitons have been
numerically determined by solving the Landau-Lifshitz equation.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Non-BPS Dyons and Branes in the Dirac-Born-Infeld Theory
Non-BPS dyon solutions to D3-brane actions are constructed when one or more
scalar fields describing transverse fluctuations of the brane, are considered.
The picture emerging from such non-BPS configurations is analysed, in
particular the response of the D-brane-string system to small perturbations.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, Revtex fil
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A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during toga-coare. II: Intercomparison of single-column models and a cloud-resolving model
This paper presents single-column model (SCM) simulations of a tropical squall-line case observed during the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment of the Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere Programme. This case-study was part of an international model intercomparison project organized by Working Group 4 âPrecipitating Convective Cloud Systemsâ of the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water-cycle Experiment) Cloud System Study.
Eight SCM groups using different deep-convection parametrizations participated in this project. The SCMs were forced by temperature and moisture tendencies that had been computed from a reference cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulation using open boundary conditions. The comparison of the SCM results with the reference CRM simulation provided insight into the ability of current convection and cloud schemes to represent organized convection. The CRM results enabled a detailed evaluation of the SCMs in terms of the thermodynamic structure and the convective mass flux of the system, the latter being closely related to the surface convective precipitation. It is shown that the SCMs could reproduce reasonably well the time evolution of the surface convective and stratiform precipitation, the convective mass flux, and the thermodynamic structure of the squall-line system. The thermodynamic structure simulated by the SCMs depended on how the models partitioned the precipitation between convective and stratiform. However, structural differences persisted in the thermodynamic profiles simulated by the SCMs and the CRM. These differences could be attributed to the fact that the total mass flux used to compute the SCM forcing differed from the convective mass flux. The SCMs could not adequately represent these organized mesoscale circulations and the microphysicallradiative forcing associated with the stratiform region. This issue is generally known as the âscale-interactionâ problem that can only be properly addressed in fully three-dimensional simulations.
Sensitivity simulations run by several groups showed that the time evolution of the surface convective precipitation was considerably smoothed when the convective closure was based on convective available potential energy instead of moisture convergence. Finally, additional SCM simulations without using a convection parametrization indicated that the impact of a convection parametrization in forced SCM runs was more visible in the moisture profiles than in the temperature profiles because convective transport was particularly important in the moisture budget
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