Summertime surface energy balance fluxes at two Beijing sites

Summertime (June to August 2015) radiative and turbulent heat fluxes were measured concurrently at two sites (urban and suburban) in Beijing. The urban site has slightly lower incoming and outgoing shortwave radiation, lower atmospheric transmissivity and a lower surface albedo compared to the suburban site. Both sites receive similar incoming longwave radiation. Although the suburban site had larger daytime outgoing longwave radiation (L_↑), differences in the daily mean L_↑ values are small, as the urban site has higher nocturnal L_↑. Overall, both the midday and daily mean net all-wave radiation (Q^*) for the two sites are nearly equal. However, there are significant differences between the sites in the surface energy partitioning. The urban site has smaller turbulent sensible heat (Q_H) (21-25% of Q^* (midday – daily)) and latent heat (Q_E) fluxes (21-45% of Q^*). Whereas, the suburban proportions of Q^* are Q_H 32-32% and Q_E 39-66%. The daily (midday) mean Bowen ratio (Q_H⁄Q_E ) was 0.56 and 0.49 (0.98 and 0.83) for the urban and suburban sites, respectively. These values are low compared to other urban and suburban areas with similar or larger fractions of vegetated cover. Likely these are caused by the widespread external water use for road cleaning/wetting, greenbelts, and air conditioners. Our suburban site has quite different land cover to most previous suburban studies as crop irrigation supplements rainfall. These results are important in enhancing our understanding of surface–atmosphere energy exchanges in Chinese cities, and can aid the development and evaluation of urban climate models and inform urban planning strategies in the context of rapid global urbanization and climate change

Comment letters to the National Commission on Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, 1987 (Treadway Commission) Vol. 1

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_sop/1661/thumbnail.jp

Supplementary data for the article: Mitrović, A. L.; Simonović Radosavljević, J.; Prokopijević, M.; Spasojević, D.; Kovačević, J.; Prodanović, O.; Todorović, B.; Matović, B.; Stanković, M.; Maksimović, V.; Mutavdžić, D.; Skočić, M.; Pešić, M.; Prokić, L.; Radotić, K. Cell Wall Response to UV Radiation in Needles of Picea Omorika. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2021, 161, 176–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.007.

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.007]Related to published version: [http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5816

The growth of network computing : quality adjusted price changes for network servers

In this paper we investigate the evolution of quality adjusted prices for servers motivated by two facts. First, the productivity acceleration in the US economy since the mid 1990s is closely linked to spread of information technology of which networked computing is a large component. Second, the growth of network computing itself has been fostered by the rapid growth in the quality and quantity of the network server market. Like Pakes’ (2003) analysis of the PC market, we show that our preferred version of the hedonic price index (“complete hybrid”) fell much more rapidly than the standard “matched model” price index (the hedonic index fell on average by about 30% per annum compared to 17% p.a. for the matched model). This difference is mainly due to the selection bias in the standard matched model price index due to the exit of obsolete models which would have had the fastest price falls

Reference manual, 1401 data processing system.

Mode of access: Internet

The United Kingdom IT training survey 1993

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9096.355(1993) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo