Doing business 2016

노트 : Economy Profile 2016Korea, Rep

Swimming Against the Tide: How Developing Countries Are Coping with the Global Crisis

Background Paper prepared by World Bank Staff for the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting, Horsham, United Kingdom on March 13-14, 2009

Legal Preconditions for Contractual Relations in the Transition to a Market Economy:

Summaries This article examines the process of transformation of the legal framework of contractual relationships in transition economies by looking at the case of Bulgaria in the period 1990–97. The aim is to throw light on the state of the legal preconditions for establishing an economic system based on freedom of contract and on enforcement of contractual obligations. The first part of the article focuses on the development of the substantive regulation of commercial contract and its problems in a post? totalitarian setting. The second part identifies the different mechanisms of conflict resolution and enforcement. The emphasis is on evaluating the role of the Judiciary and the factors accounting for that role

Fostering Social Change in Peru Through Communication: The Case of the Manuani Miners Association

Much has been done to formalize miners in Peru; since its inception in 2006 the Ministry of Environment passed laws to align mining policies with international standards. However, the combination of the necessity to have a source of income and the rapid acquisition of money that illegal and informal gold mining provides has proven a serious impasse for the Peruvian government; hence these mining practices keep growing. As part of the Initiative for the Conservation of the Andean Amazon II (ICAA II), the Manuani Miners Association in Madre de Dios, one of the regions more prone to illegal mining and bad environmental practices in Peru, started a land restoration, remediation, and reforestation process of the degraded rainforest. This case study analyzes how a program within ICAA II used communication to promote this significant change in behavior, what communicational tools were used, and what is their possible further applicability in similar scenarios to foster positive change

The Price of Failure:

Summaries This article examines the development of monetary policy in Russia since prices were liberalised in 1992. It traces events from the monetary overhang which preceded that step, through sharp inflation and the monetary contraction with which stability was restored, to the present crisis of illiquidity and demonetisation. The article argues that, far from easing the way to flexible, market?based policies, this chain of events has left policymakers as severely boxed in as at the start. While any reform strategy was fraught with danger, it would have been better to take a less cavalier attitude to prices and concentrate from the beginning on building the financial and legal institutions required for macro?economic policy to work

A comparison of trends in caesarean section rates in former communist (transition) countries and other European countries

Caesarean section rates are rising across Europe, and concerns exist that increases are not clinically indicated. Societal, cultural and health system factors have been identified as influential. Former communist (transition) countries have experienced radical changes in these potential determinants, and we, therefore, hypothesized they may exhibit differing trends to non-transition countries. By analysing data from the WHO Europe Health for All Database, we find transition countries had a relatively low caesarean section rate in 2000 but have since experienced more rapid increases than other countries (average annual percentage change 7.9 vs. 2.4)

International bank for reconstruction and development

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University, 1947. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

International bank for reconstruction and development

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit