44 research outputs found
Recent Advances in Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: A Mini-Review
Solar energyādriven carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to valuable solar fuels/chemicals (e.g., methane, ethanol, and carbon monoxide) using particulate photocatalysts is regarded as one of the promising and effective approaches to deal with energy scarcity and global warming. The growth of nanotechnology plays an eminent role in improving CO2 reduction (CO2R) efficiencies by means of offering opportunities to tailor the morphology of photocatalysts at a nanoscale regime to achieve enhanced surface reactivity, solar light absorption, and charge separation, which are decisive factors for high CO2R efficiency. Notably, quantum dots (QDs), tiny pieces of semiconductors with sizes below 20 nm, offering a myriad of advantages including maximum surface atoms, very short charge migration lengths, size-dependent energy band positions, multiple exciton generation effect, and unique optical properties, have recently become a rising star in the CO2R application. In this review, we briefly summarized the progress so far achieved in QD-assisted CO2 photoreduction, highlighting the advantages of QDs prepared with diverse chemical compositions such as metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbon, metal halide perovskites, and MXenes. Ā© Copyright Ā© 2021 Park, Murali, Modigunta, In and In.1
pH-Responsive NIR-Absorbing Fluorescent Polydopamine with Hyaluronic Acid for Dual Targeting and Synergistic Effects of Photothermal and Chemotherapy
In cancer therapy, optimizing tumor-specific
delivery, tumor distribution,
and cellular uptake of a drug is important for ensuring minimal toxicity
and maximum therapeutic efficacy. This study characterized the therapeutic
efficacy of a stimulus responsive and dual targeting nanocarrier for
a bioimaging-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic platform. Hyaluronic
acid (HA) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and boronic acid
(BA) diol-linked Ī²-cyclodextrin (Ī²-CD) forms an inclusion
complex with paclitaxel (PTX), creating a shell-like composite on
a core of carbonized fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FNPs-pDA)
applicable for photothermal therapy as well as bioimaging. The successful
diol cross-linking between core@shells generates nanocarriers [FNPs-pDA@HA-TPP-CD-PTX]
that can be used as an extracellular HA- and intracellular TPP-mediated
dual targeting system. The carbonized FNPs-pDA was cross-linked with
the boronic acid groups of HA-TPP-CD-PTX to promote the formation
of boronate esters for pH-mediated photothermal activity, which have
shown time dependent complete PTX release along with a photothermal
mediated response. The in vitro dual bioimaging and photothermal-chemotherapeutic
activities were compared between cancer and normal cells. Lysosomal
escape and live/dead cells staining confocal images highlight the
promise of this system, which might open up a new approach, a simple
and versatile method for site-specific synergetic drug delivery
Triggered pH/redox responsive release of doxorubicin from prepared highly stable graphene with thiol grafted Pluronic
Strategy, to develop stable graphene and well control hydrophobic drug release from the prepared graphene, is reported to achieve a biomedical platform in drug delivery system. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been prepared using quaternized 2-chloro-3',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone to poly(ethylene glycol)-g-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [PEG-g-PDMA, QC-PEG] following catechol chemistry which exhibited excellent dispersibility in water. Installation of thiol grafted Pluronic (Plu-SH) results formation of disulfide bonds surrounding rGO/QC-PEG matrix and further aids to achieve high DOX loading efficiency as well as trigged responsive controlled release behavior of DOX from the matrixes by redox responsive Plu-SH and pH sensitive. The rGO/QC-PEG with Plu-SH matrix showed significant stability under different physiological conditions. In vitro DOX release was conducted against different reductive environment and at different pH to figure out the release kinetics. Investigation from MTT assay assures more biocompatible behavior of rGO/QC-PEG/Plu-SH than prepared reduced graphene oxide. Effects of introducing Plu-SH was flashed when QDs loaded rGO/QC-PEG was applied to cell and examining the emitted fluorescence behavior from the cell by confocal images. The confocal investigation showed that high quenching effect of graphene is an obstacle to trace their position if it is used in cell tracking where application of Plu-SH could minimize this. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Phase-controlled 1T/2H-MoS2interaction with reduced TiO2for highly stable photocatalytic CO2reduction into CO
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a potential technique for converting solar energy and greenhouse gases into value-added-chemicals. However, limited light absorption and poor charge separation of electron-hole pairs are the main obstacles. Here, we have developed a highly stable, phase-controlled heterostructured photocatalyst of molybdenum sulfide with reduced titania (1T/2H-MoS2@RT) for CO2 reduction into CO. The optimized 1T/2H-MoS2@RT produced 1.02 Ī¼mol g-1 h-1 (1480.1 ppm g-1 h-1) of CO. The catalyst showed ā¼5 and ā¼19 times higher activity than RT and MoS2, respectively, and excellent stability over 48 h (8 cycles). Our investigation revealed that the combination of phase-controlled MoS2 with RT synergizes the selective conversion of CO2 to CO. MoS2 acts as a visible light sensitizer and electron transport bridge; however, RT extracts electrons from MoS2 because of its lower energy potential. Improved light absorption, CO2 adsorption, and rapid electron-hole separation are responsible for the increased catalytic activity and stability. Ā© 2022 The Authors.TRU
Spiropyran-conjugated Pluronic as a dual responsive colorimetric detector
Novel spiropyran-conjugated Pluronic [polyethylene oxide (PEO)-b-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-b-polyethylene oxide (PEO)] micelles are developed as a new colorimetric detector showing photo- or thermo-switchable behavior. Facile conjugation of spiropyran to Pluronic was confirmed by 1H NMR, UVVis, and Fluorescence spectroscopy. A switchable photoluminescence is found depending on the irradiation with either UV or visible light, and temperature resulting from structural isomerization of spiropyran between spiropyran (SP) and merocyanine (MC) form. Cytotoxicity of the spiropyran-conjugated Pluronic (SP-PL) was evaluated following an MTT assay, whereas photo responsiveness of spiropyran within the micelles was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy
Iron Oxide@PEDOT-Based Recyclable Photothermal Nanoparticles with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Sulfobetaines for Rapid and Effective Antibacterial Activity
Growing microbial resistance that
renders antibiotic treatment
vulnerable has emerged, attracting a great deal of interest in the
need to develop alternative antimicrobial treatments. To contribute
to this effort, we report magnetic iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with catechol-conjugated polyĀ(vinylpyrrolidone)
sulfobetaines (C-PVPS). This negatively charged Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS is subsequently encapsulated by polyĀ(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
(PEDOT) following a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method. The
obtained Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS:PEDOT nanoparticles appear
to be novel NIR-irradiated photothermal agents that can achieve effective
bacterial killing and are reusable after isolation of the used particles
using external magnetic fields. The recyclable Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS:PEDOT NPs exhibit a high efficiency in converting
photothermal heat for rapid antibacterial effects against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. In this study, antibacterial tests for repeated uses maintained
almost 100% antibacterial efficiency during three cycles and provided
rapid and effective killing of 99% Gram-positive and -negative bacteria
within 5 min of near-infrared (NIR) light exposure. The coreāshell
nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS:PEDOT) exhibit the
required stability, and their paramagnetic nature means that they
rapidly convert photothermal heat sufficient for use as NIR-irradiated
antibacterial photothermal sterilizing agents
Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> Nanorods Deposited on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Potassium-Ion Batteries
Hierarchical nanocomposites with surface active bonding
features
serve as an efficient electrode material for high-performance Li-/Na-/K-ion
batteries. Tuning the physiochemical properties of these hierarchical
nanocomposites has a great impact on the extremely improved electrochemical
performance, and it is attributed to the synergistic effect of heterogeneous
components. Herein, we report a hydrothermally synthesized bismuth
sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorod bonding on the surface
of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) matrix and investigate it as an
anode material for potassium-ion batteries. This hierarchical nanocomposite
anode exhibits a high initial reversible capacity (586 mA h gā1 at 100 mA gā1), long-term cycling
stability (410 mA h gā1 after 1000 cycles, 70% capacity
retention), and an outstanding rate capability (140 mA h gā1 at 3 A gā1). This excellent electrochemical performance
of the Bi2S3/rGO nanocomposite is attributed
to the presence of active sites in rGO nanosheets that not only enhances
the electrical conductivity of Bi2S3 nanorods
but also prevents the shuttle effect of polysulfide through the formation
of the in-built CāS bond, which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy. Through the ex-situ X-ray diffraction patterns analysis
at different voltage regions, a phase transformation mechanism has
been proposed for K-ion storage in Bi2S3 nanorods.
An ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis
reveals the structural and morphological stability of Bi2S3 nanorods. Further, the kinetic studies confirmed that
the surface dominated pseudocapacitive K-ion storage also plays a
major role in improving the electrochemical performance of the Bi2S3 nanorods/rGO nanocomposite. The K-ion full cell
is successfully assembled, which exhibits stable cycling performance
after 100 cycles at 1 C rate
Target delivery and cell imaging using hyaluronic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots
This work demonstrates the way to achieve efficient and target specific delivery of a graphene quantum dot (GQD) using hyaluronic acid (HA) (GQD-HA) as a targeting agent. HA has been anchored to a GQD that accepts the fascinating adhesive properties of the catechol moiety, dopamine hydrochloride, conjugated to HA, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a particle size of similar to 20 nm, and the fluorescence spectra revealed significant fluorescence intensity even after the anchoring of HA. The prepared GQD-HA was applied to CD44 receptor overexpressed tumor-bearing balb/c female mice, and the in vivo biodistribution investigation demonstrated more bright fluorescence from the tumor tissue. In vitro cellular imaging, via a confocal laser scanning microscope, exhibited strong fluorescence from CD44 overexpressed A549 cells. Both in vivo and in vitro results showed the effectiveness of using HA as targeting molecule. The loading and release kinetics of the hydrophobic drug doxorubicin from a GQD under mildly acidic conditions showed that a GQD can be considered as a novel drug carrier, while the nontoxic behavior from the MTT assay strongly supports the identification of GQD-HA as a biocompatible material