Iron
Oxide@PEDOT-Based Recyclable Photothermal Nanoparticles
with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Sulfobetaines for Rapid and Effective
Antibacterial Activity
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Abstract
Growing microbial resistance that
renders antibiotic treatment
vulnerable has emerged, attracting a great deal of interest in the
need to develop alternative antimicrobial treatments. To contribute
to this effort, we report magnetic iron oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with catechol-conjugated poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
sulfobetaines (C-PVPS). This negatively charged Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS is subsequently encapsulated by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
(PEDOT) following a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method. The
obtained Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS:PEDOT nanoparticles appear
to be novel NIR-irradiated photothermal agents that can achieve effective
bacterial killing and are reusable after isolation of the used particles
using external magnetic fields. The recyclable Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS:PEDOT NPs exhibit a high efficiency in converting
photothermal heat for rapid antibacterial effects against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. In this study, antibacterial tests for repeated uses maintained
almost 100% antibacterial efficiency during three cycles and provided
rapid and effective killing of 99% Gram-positive and -negative bacteria
within 5 min of near-infrared (NIR) light exposure. The core–shell
nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C-PVPS:PEDOT) exhibit the
required stability, and their paramagnetic nature means that they
rapidly convert photothermal heat sufficient for use as NIR-irradiated
antibacterial photothermal sterilizing agents