The History of Human Bondage and An Instructional Strategy Resource Guide for Teaching History through the Humanities

This thesis focuses on the history of human bondage through historiography and original research and provides an instructional strategy resource guide for teaching history through the humanities. This resource will provide teachers with the tools to create and implement student-centered learning activities into their learning environments, thus producing informed and active global citizens

Transmission of Group B Streptococcus in late-onset neonatal disease: a narrative review of current evidence

Group B streptococcus (GBS) late-onset disease (LOD, occurring from 7 through 89 days of life) is an important cause of sepsis and meningitis in infants. The pathogenesis and modes of transmission of LOD to neonates are yet to be elucidated. Established risk factors for the incidence of LOD include maternal GBS colonisation, young maternal age, preterm birth, HIV exposure and African ethnicity. The mucosal colonisation by GBS may be acquired perinatally or in the postpartum period from maternal or other sources. Growing evidence has demonstrated the predominant role of maternal sources in the transmission of LOD. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to prevent early-onset disease reduces neonatal GBS colonisation during delivery; however, a significant proportion of IAP-exposed neonates born to GBS-carrier mothers acquire the pathogen at mucosal sites in the first weeks of life. GBS-infected breast milk, with or without presence of mastitis, is considered a potential vehicle for transmitting GBS. Furthermore, horizontal transmission is possible from nosocomial and other community sources. Although unfrequently reported, nosocomial transmission of GBS in the neonatal intensive care unit is probably less rare than is usually believed. GBS disease can sometime recur and is usually caused by the same GBS serotype that caused the primary infection. This review aims to discuss the dynamics of transmission of GBS in the neonatal LOD

Is there any room for PD-1 inhibitors in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy as frontline treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis with indirect comparisons among subgroups and landmark survival analyses

Background: The addition of PD-L1 inhibitors to platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) has newly received United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in extensive stage-small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). PD-1 agents similarly improved survival rates, even if not yet supported by international regulatory agencies. The current work aims to assess different efficacy and safety profiles among chemoimmunotherapy plus immuno-oncology (CT+IO) approaches according to different immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) subtypes. Material & Methods: We included in our meta-analysis six first-line randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the association of single-agent ICI with CT versus CT alone in ES-SCLC. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios (RRs) for progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), 12-month duration of response rate (DORR), disease control rate (DCR), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and discontinuation rates (DRs) were obtained. Moreover, we performed indirect comparisons according to ICI subtypes, also among subgroups and landmark survival analyses. Results: Although no ORR benefit was observed, our results showed how CT+IO significantly improved DORR, resulting in improved PFS and OS with no differences in TRAEs; however, CT+IO led to a significant increase in DR. Interestingly, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 1, the use of cisplatin, and the absence of brain metastases seem to be associated with a survival gain using CT+IO in ES-SCLC. Indirect comparisons suggested a slight advantage in favour of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) over anti-CTLA-4 agents in terms of efficacy with no additional safety concerns. No further differences were observed between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors among subgroups and landmark survival analyses with benefit trends towards anti-PD-1 in terms of DORR and DR. Conclusion: While confirming a survival advantage of CT+IO in selected patients, these results suggested the association of PD-1 inhibitors with CT as a viable option for novel therapeutic approaches in the frontline management of ES-SCLC. Further trials evaluating anti-CTLA-4 agents should be carefully studied in biomarker-selected patients

PReS-FINAL-2232: Long-term follow-up in a national cohort of MKD patients: search for clinical predictors of a spontaneous improvement

No abstract availabl

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in nonapneic asthma: A clinical review of current evidence

© 2020 by Turkish Thoracic Society-. The use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in asthma has been a point of debate over the past several years. Various studies, including those on animals and humans have attempted to understand the role and pathophysiology of CPAP in patients with either well controlled or poorly controlled asthma. The aim of this manuscript is to review the currently available literature on the physiologic and clinical effects of CPAP in animal models of asthma and on humans with stable asthma

Into the Wild of long non-coding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) to explore new prognostic/predictive biomarkers

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Disease activity states, reasons for discontinuation and adverse events in 1038 Italian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with etanercept

The advent of biologic medications has increased considerably the potential for treatment benefit in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), with clinical remission being now achievable in a substantial proportion of patients. However, there is a need of data from the real world of clinical practice to evaluate thoroughly the efficacy and safety profile of the biologic agents currently approved