Genotype and Environmental Factors Affecting Birth and Postnatal Weights of Prolific Javanese Sheep

ABSTRACT: A study to evaluate the effect of genotype of dam (Feell+Fcc1+, Fee.l+Feck: EixilTecJI"Fedi\u27 Fcc.1-anti FeciFFecJF) and coviroiunental factors on birth weight (8W) and postnatal weights at 30 days (W30), at 60 days (W60), at 90 days (W90) and at 120 days (W120) were conducted on Javanese prolific sheep flock from 1991 to 1993. Factors affecting birth weight and all postnatal weights were year, sex of Iamb and birth type (

Perilaku Harga Produk Peternakan pada Hari Besar Keagamaan Nasional

Livestock products such as beef, broiler meat, and eggs are commodities deal with increased prices during national religious holidays (HBKN), especially during Idul Fitri. The objective of this research was to study the dynamic changes and price behavior during HBKN to anticipate food price fluctuation in the future. The research was conducted in three consecutive years, i.e. from 2012 to 2014, and carried out in 8 provinces representing centers of producers and consumers. Data were analyzed using a general linear model procedure to find out the inflection point of the highest price of livestock products during HBKN. Results showed that average price of beef rose by 10–20%, whereas those of broiler meat and egg increased by 10–16% and 5–13%, respectively. Region and time period significantly affected price changes (P < 0.001). A sigmoid curve of dynamic changes of livestock price was shown in this study. The results indicated that the highest price changes of livestock products were one day before Idul Fitri. The government needs to assure consumers not to be panic due to significant changes in livestock product prices since this temporary adjustment would reach the price equilibrium such as those before Idul Fitri. Public panic could be exploited by speculators to increase profit

Carrying Capacity for Ruminant Based on Plantation Byproducts and Potency of Enteric Methane Emission

Feed is one of the main pillars that need to be considered in optimizing production parameters in order to develop an efficient livestock business. Two aspects that need to be considered in order to make agricultural byproducts as a source of feed; those are the availability of raw materials for animal rations with high economic value and the function to  reduce environmental pollution. Methane emissions are not only related to environmental problems, but also reflect the loss of some energy from livestock so that it cannot be used for the production process. The purpose of this paper is to review and estimate the carrying capacity for ruminant based on plantation by-products based feed and potential enteric methane emissions. The availability of feed from agricultural byproducts in Indonesia is estimated at 69.6 million tonnes of dry matter (DM), 34.8 million of total digestible nutrient (TDN), and 5 million tonnes of crude protein (CP)/year so it is estimated that it can accommodate 62.4 million livestock unit (LU) based on the DM availability or 39.1 million LU based on TDN availability or 51.6 million LU based on CP availability. From these calculations, it was found that the carrying capacity for ruminant in Indonesia could still be increased much greater than the current livestock population, namely 21.7-45 million livestock units if all byproducts are used entirely as components in rations. There are two groups of feed originating from plantation byproducts based on the potential for methane emissions produced, namely low (65-73 g CH4 / kg of material) and high (83-103 g CH4 / kg of material). Utilization of plantation byproducts as ruminant feed is expected to overcome the shortage of forage, especially during dry season. Utilization of these byproducts which in line with efforts to reduce methane emissions would enhance the development of livestock populations in friendly environment

Milk production capacity of priangan prolific sheep: II. The lactation curve

A calculation was made for the lactation curve of Priangan sheep using Wood equation to find out how much differences actual milk production of uncorrected ewes compared to those corrected using parity and litter size born. Milk production was measured using weighing of the lambs before and shortly after suckling, with average of daily and total milk production were 519.5 g/head and 43.6 kg head-1 lactation-1, respectively. The average of parameter a, which reflected milk production at the beginning of the lactation period was 6.296 that equivalent to 571.5 g/head and significantly affected (P<0.05) by parity. The b parameter which reflected the rate of milk increment at the beginning of the lactation period was found to be 0.528 and significantly affected (P<0.05) by parity. The c parameter which reflected the rate of milk decline at the end of lactation period was found to be -0.20 and significantly affected (P<0.05) by parity. The average persistency which reflected the duration of maximum milk production was found to be 22.58 days without any significant contribution of parity and the number of lamb born. The average time to reach maximum milk production was found to be at week 3.5 after lambing without any significant contribution of parity and litter size. The average estimation of maximum milk production was 708.4 g/head and significantly affected (P<0.05) by ewe parity.   Key words: Milk production, lactation curve, Priangan shee

Indonesian Efforts to Conserve Gembrong Goats

Gembrong goat are mainly found in eastern part of Bali Island, especially in the village of Tumbu, Karangasem. Throughout Indonesia these goats are found no more than 50 heads. This condition puts Gembrong goat in a critical status that indicates the need of emergency and quick action. The present study was carried out to assess the characteristic of this breed and to preserve it through some proposed action plan. Information was obtained by personal observation and discussion with the leader of farmer group. Body weight (BW) and various body measurement were taken from 15 head of Gembrong goat. In general, the color of Gembrong goat body is white, or partly brown or solid brown. The average body weight is of 23.2 kg for females and 30.7 kg for males. The averages Body length of males is 60 cm, height 58.2 cm, and 14.4 cm ear length in males, and in females body length is 56.2 cm, height 55.1 cm and ear length 14.2 cm. To preserve Gembrong goat population from extinction collaborative activities is needed, namely: (1) multiplication of existing Gembrong goat population, (2) Rescuing animal genetic material and (3) up-grading female Kacang goat with Gembrong male goat as to achieve 99% Gembrong goat genetic composition

Feeding Strategy For Fattening Sheep From a Prolific Line

ABSTRACT: An experiment has been conducted to evaluate the feeding strategy for fattening prolific ghliwp. Four types of ration (R]. R2, R3 and R4) RN tested Twenty lambs, after weaned, males were used. The objectives were to find out the efficient ration which could support the growth rate of more than 100 gid. The rations were formulated from such fecdstuffs as corn, soybean meal, coconut meal, wheat pollard. rice bran, dried grass. cassava . leaves, salt and minerals. The control ration (RI ) was a mixture between commercial concentrate (GT..03) and napier grass. The rations were offerc,d at 3.5 to 4,5% of the b :dy weight and adjusted every week. Weight changes, food intake, feed conversion and carcass characteristics were recorded. Data wore analyzed in a completely\u27 randomized design. Results indicated that die weight gain was significantly different among treatments (

The Impact of Crossbreeding in The Artificial Insemination Program on Reproductive Performance of Beef Cattle

Artificial Insemination (AI) in beef cattle in Indonesia is widely practised. Nowadays, the goal of AI program is not clear; whether to produce: composite breed; terminal cross or as a commercial animal. In fact, farmer assisted by inseminator do the grading up toward Simmental or Limousine. In this paper, crossbreeding impact on reproductive performance of beef cattle in Indonesia is discussed. Farmers prefer the crossbred cattle resulted from AI because its male offspring has higher price than that of local breed. However, 50% of the offspring are female and are used as replacement stock. This AI practice resulted bigger cattle that need more feed. In the scarce feed condition, this bigger cattle become skinny and in bad shape. This leads to bad reproductive performance such as high ‘service per conception’ (S/C), 'long calving interval' and 'low calf crop'. Moreover, it produces less milk and results in high mortality rate of the offspring. In good management condition, crossbred cattle shows good performance, but often ‘day open’ is longer, since weaning time is postponed. That is why long calving interval still exists eventhough the S/C is low. Local cattle are very adaptive, resistant to tropical diseases and have high reproductive rate, high quality of leather and good quality of carcass. In scarce feed condition, local cattle are skinny but still can show estrous and get pregnant. In bad condition, they produce very small offsprings that die because of lack of milk from the cow. The availability of feed supply both in quantity and quality is the key factor in AI practices to maintain good body condition of crossbred and to produce good quality of offspring.   Key words: Artificial insemination, crossbreeding, reproduction, beef cattl

Relative superiority analysis of Garut dam and its crossbred

In attemp to increase the productivity of Garut sheep, Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production has crossed Garut sheep (GG) with St. Croix sheep (HH) that has high frame body size and adaptable to the hot climate (in 1995) and with Moulton Charollais sheep (MM) that has high body weight gain and good milk production to raise multiple birth (in 1996). The objective of this research was to evaluate the ewe productivity of Garut sheep and its crosses with St. Croix and Moulton Charollais. This research was conducted at Animal Research Station, Bogor from 1995 to 2002. In this study the crossing was done using frozen semen of M. Charollais and ram of St. Croix so that the real performance of these sheep under Indonesian condition is not known. So that the relative superiority of these crosses is calculated from the percentage of the differences between traits mean of crossbred and purebred divided by trait means of purebred Garut, except for the threeway crosses (MHG and HMG) is calculated from the difference between the means of threeway crossbred trait with the means of two parents (MG and HG). It is concluded that HG and MHG show higher dam productivity than GG, it can be seen from their litter weight at birth and weaning. In poor feed condition GG showed higher productivity than the crossbred sheep (MG and HG), but MHG/MHG showed higher relative superiority compare to their parents (MG and HG). In good feed condition HG and MHG/HMG sheep showed higher productivity than Garut sheep. The relative superiority of HG sheep is 26.40% over GG and for MHG/HMG is 11.24% over their parents (MG and HG).       Key Words: Garut Sheep, St. Croix Sheep, M. Charollais Sheep, Relative Superiorit

Wool characteristic of Priangan sheep and its crossbred

The aim of this research was to identify wool characteristic of Priangan sheep (G) and its crossbred with St. Croix (H) andM. Charolais (M). The parameters observed included yield, fiber length, fiber diameter, percentage of shrink during processing,yarn production, strength and elasticity of the yarn. Eighteen rams of Priangan, HMG and MHG crossbred were used.Completely Randomized Design with 6 replications and One Way analyses were used in data analysing, except for strength andyarn elasticity, 10 replication were used. The results show that breed had no significant effect (P0.05) on yield, diameter of finefiber, and shrinking percentage during separation and carding process. In contrast, breed had significant effect on fiber length(P0.01) and on coarse fiber diameter, the shrink, strength and yarn elasticity (P0.05). In general, the wool of HMG and MHGcrossbred had better quality compared to Priangan sheep, although yarn production was higher in Priangan sheep.Key words: Wool, Priangan sheep, crossbre

Improvement of frozen semen quality of Garut Sheep through the addition of α-tocopherol into yolk egg-skim milk diluent

The sperm is very fragile to lipid peroxide reaction, that it can easily broken during the process of freezing. To eliminate this consequences an antioxidant agent added into the extender. A research was done to observe the effect of antioxidant agent α-tocoferrol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) presence in the extender on the quality of frozen semen. Once week, semen from six male Garut sheep ages about 2.5 years old was collected using artificial vagina and egg yolk skim-milk diluent used as the extender. The semen were treated in egg yolk skim-milk diluent without antioxidant as control, in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with α- tocoferrol 0,2 g/100 ml diluent and in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with butylated hydroxytoluene 0,2 g/100 ml diluent. The after thawing observation shown that in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with α- tocoferrol had life percentage (75.0 ± 3.5% vs 64.8 ± 7.8%) and membrane intact percentage (65.8 ± 6.8 % vs 55.2 ± 8.3%) significantly higher than control (P0,05) but insignificantly different from with BHT addition. The presence of α-tocoferrol in the diluent, the motility percentage consideraly higher (P0.05) than (45.8 ± 3.8%) using BHT addition (40.0 ± 4.5%) but not different from control (41.7 ± 4.1%); while acrosomal intake percentage after α-tocoferrol (54.8% ± 3.3%) expressively higher (p,0.05) than BHT addition (49.7 ± 3.6%) or control (49.8 ± 3.5%). In conclusion the presence of α-tocoferrol in the diluent could improve the quality of Garut sheep frozen semen. Key words: Antioxidant, sperm, Garut shee