Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Income among Japanese Adults Aged 30-49 Years from 2017-2020: A nationwide longitudinal cohort study

Objective: Income is a major social determinant of cardiovascular health. However, individual-level evidence regarding the trends in cardiovascular risk factors by income level among young working-age adults is limited. We thus aimed to examine the trends in cardiovascular risk factors among men and women aged 30-49 years by their income levels. Methods: This nationwide longitudinal study included Japanese adults aged 30-49 years, who annually participated in the national health screening program from 2017 to 2020. Modified Poisson regression models were used to investigate trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) according to tertiles of individuals’ annual income, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Among 58 814 adults, 50 024 (85%) were men; the mean (SD) age was 42.1 (5.4) years. Over the study period, the low-income group consistently showed a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes than the high-income group. The difference in the prevalence of these diseases, particularly hypertension, across income groups increased from 2017 to 2020 among both men (low-income vs high-income: +5.73% [95% CI, 4.72-6.73] in 2017 and +8.26% [95% CI, 7.11-9.41] in 2020) and women (low-income vs high-income: +2.53% [95% CI, 0.99-4.06] in 2017 and +3.83% [95% CI, 1.93-5.73] in 2020). Conclusion: Among adults aged 30-49 years in Japan, a country with a universal healthcare coverage system, we found an increase in the gap of cardiovascular risk factors by income levels over the last 4 years. Careful monitoring of the increasing social disparities is needed to achieve cardiovascular health equity at this life stage

Distinct regulatory mechanism of yeast GPX2 encoding phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase by oxidative stress and a calcineurin/Crz1-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway

AbstractThe GPX2 gene encodes a homologue of mammalian phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously, we have reported that the oxidative stress-induced expression of GPX2 is strictly regulated by Yap1 and Skn7 transcription factors. Here, we found that the expression of GPX2 is induced by CaCl2 in a calcineurin (CN)/Crz1-dependent manner, and the CN-dependent response element was specified in the GPX2 promoter. Neither Yap1 nor Skn7 was required for Ca2+-dependent induction of GPX2, therefore, distinct regulation for the oxidative stress response and Ca2+ signal response for GPX2 exists in yeast cells

シカ キョウセイヨウ アンカー スクリュー マイニュウジ ノ アンテイセイ ニ カンスル セイタイリキガクテキ ケンキュウ

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of placement angle and force direction on the primary stability of orthodontic miniscrews by analyzing a novel threedimensional finite element model (FEM) approximating the interface between the screw and surrounding bone. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were made with 6-mm-long miniscrews in diameters of 1.2 mm. Four insertion angles ranging from 0̊ (perpendicular to the bone surface) to 45̊ were examined. A load with 2 N was applied to the center of the screw head in four directions (upward, downward and on the right and left sides). Results: For miniscrews at the same insertion angle, the stress was the highest (or lowest) under the downward (or upward) force condition. The stress increased as the insertion angle increased, except under the upward force condition. An analysis of the stress distribution in the surrounding bone showed that the most of the stress was absorbed in the cortical bone. Conclusions: The stress distribution around the miniscrew and surrounding bone during the application of orthodontic force is closely related to the force direction, and insertion angle

シカ キョウセイヨウ アンカー スクリュー マイニュウジ ノ アンテイセイ ニ カンスル セイタイリキガクテキ ケンキュウ

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of placement angle and force direction on the primary stability of orthodontic miniscrews by analyzing a novel three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) approximating the real interface between the screw and surrounding bone. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were made with 6-mm-long miniscrews in diameters of 1.2mm. Four insertion angles ranging from 0° (perpendicular to the bone surface) to 45° were examined. A load with 2N was applied to the center of the screw head in four directions (upward, downward and on the right and left sides). Results: For miniscrews at the same insertion angle, the stress was the highest (or lowest) under the downward (or upward) force condition. The stress increased as the insertion angle decreased, except under the upward force condition. An analysis of the stress distribution in the surrounding bone showed that the most of the stress was absorbed in the cortical bone. Conclusions: The stress distribution around the miniscrew and surrounding bone during the application of orthodontic force is closely related to the force direction, and insertion angle

シカ キョウセイヨウ アンカー スクリュー マイニュウジ ノ アンテイセイ ニ カンスル セイタイリキガクテキ ケンキュウ

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of placement angle and force direction on the primary stability of orthodontic miniscrews by analyzing a novel three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) approximating the real interface between the screw and surrounding bone. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were made with 6-mm-long miniscrews in diameters of 1.2mm. Four insertion angles ranging from 0° (perpendicular to the bone surface) to 45° were examined. A load with 2N was applied to the center of the screw head in four directions (upward, downward and on the right and left sides). Results: For miniscrews at the same insertion angle, the stress was the highest (or lowest) under the downward (or upward) force condition. The stress increased as the insertion angle decreased, except under the upward force condition. An analysis of the stress distribution in the surrounding bone showed that the most of the stress was absorbed in the cortical bone. Conclusions: The stress distribution around the miniscrew and surrounding bone during the application of orthodontic force is closely related to the force direction, and insertion angle