The Carboaryloxy Radical in the Migration of Acyl from Nitrogen to Oxygen in Ortho Aminophenol Derivatives

It has been shown, in general, that only one acetyl-benzoyl derivative of ortho aminophenols can be prepared, regardless of the order in which the acyl groups are introduced, and that in this product the benzoyl radical is always found attached to nitrogen. In the recent study of mixed diocyl derivatives of ortho aminophenols in which one of the radicals was the carboaryloxy group, attempts to determine the structure by means of hydrolysis with alkali caused the formation of a carbonylaminophenol

Surface Wave Techniques for Predicting the Remaining Life of Fatigue Damaged Metals

In our continuing efforts to investigate methods to characterize the state of fatigue nondestructively and to apply these observations to lifetime predictions, we have initiated acoustic surface wave studies using Al 2024-T351. A smooth bar specimen was designed which can be tested in tension-compression fatigue. Acoustic wedge transducers were mounted on the specimen to sample fatigue induced changes within the gauge section. Data on acoustic harmonic generation were taken as a function of applied external load at any point of the sample\u27s fatigue life. An optical microscope was attached to the load frame to monitor microcrack formation in the gauge section. Significant changes of the second harmonic have been observed as a function of stress and fatigue. First results indicate a decrease of the second harmonic as a function of stress. At about 50% of the fatigue life microcracks initiated at surface intermetallics and a substantial increase of the second harmonic amplitude in the vicinity of zero external applied load was observed

Avian Tuberculosis in Free Wild Birds

Author Institution: Antioch Colleg

The effect of high dose antibiotic impregnated cement on rate of surgical site infection after hip hemiarthroplasty for fractured neck of femur : a protocol for a double-blind quasi randomised controlled trial

Background: Mortality following hip hemiarthroplasty is in the range of 10-40% in the first year, with much attributed to post-operative complications. One such complication is surgical site infection (SSI), which at the start of this trial affected 4.68% of patients in the UK having this operation. Compared to SSI rates of elective hip surgery, at less than 1%, this figure is elevated. The aim of this quasi randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to determine if high dose antibiotic impregnated cement can reduce the SSI in patients at 12-months after hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular fractured neck of femur. Methods: 848 patients with an intracapsular fractured neck of femur requiring a hip hemiarthroplasty are been recruited into this two-centre double-blind quasi RCT. Participants were recruited before surgery and quasi randomised to standard care or intervention group. Participants, statistician and outcome assessors were blind to treatment allocation throughout the study. The intervention consisted of high dose antibiotic impregnated cement consisting of 1 gram Clindamycin and 1 gram of Gentamicin. The primary outcome is Health Protection Agency (HPA) defined deep surgical site infection at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include HPA defined superficial surgical site infection at 30 days, 30 and 90-day mortality, length of hospital stay, critical care stay, and complications. Discussion: Large randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of a surgical intervention are uncommon, particularly in the speciality of orthopaedics. The results from this trial will inform evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic impregnated cement in the management of patients with a fractured neck of femur undergoing a hip hemiarthroplasty. If high dose antibiotic impregnated cement is found to be an effective intervention, implementation into clinical practice could improve long-term outcomes for patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty

Differentiating Anti-Lamina Lucida and Anti-Sublamina Densa Anti-BMZ Antibodies by Indirect Immunofluorescence on 1.0 M Sodium Chloride-Separated Skin

L'immunofluorescence indirecte sur la peau séparée est une méthode fiable pour différencier les anticorps contre la lame transparente et les anticorps contre la sous-lame dense des maladies bulleuses et la différenciation entre les anticorps est essentielle pour un diagnostic exact chez certains malades. Les anticorps contre la lame transparente dans la pemphigoïde bulleuse peuvent présenter plusieurs spécificités