Does endurance training alter energy balance?

An examination of the effects of a structured activity program on resting metabolic rate (RMR), physical activity, and dietary behavior is essential in gaining a better understanding of potential strategies that may be used in future exercise training programs. PURPOSE: To explore whether endurance training alters energy balance via changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), daily energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI). METHODS: Twenty-four subjects (17 females, 7 males; 21 + 0.3 years old) were assigned to one of two groups: 1) endurance (E; n = 12), or 2) active control (AC; n = 12). The E group completed 15 weeks of marathon training and the AC group maintained their usual exercise routine. Primary outcomes were measured pre- and post-training and included: anthropometric indices, RMR, EI, EE, and time to complete 1.5 miles (in minutes). Dietary intake and energy expenditure were also measured mid-training. RESULTS: Differences present among the groups at baseline included: the E group had significantly higher estimated VO2max values (as measured by the time to complete 1.5 miles) and higher energy expenditure rates (measured via accelerometer data) than the AC group. Post measurements revealed that both the E and AC groups significantly increased daily energy expenditure from baseline measures (p = 0.005) and decreased time to complete 1.5 miles (p = 0.022). After training, the E group significantly increased energy expenditure during the tenth week of training (p = 0.009). No significant relationships were observed between marathon training and body weight, resting metabolic rate, or energy intake. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest individuals following an intensive, marathon training program may experience an increase in EE without a concomitant increase in EI. They may also fail to see improvements in body weight or RMR. Additionally, the parallel changes in EE and EI, and the increase in VO2max observed in the AC, when compared with the E group, may indicate that an uncontrollable factor may have been involved

Effects of lasalocid on ruminal and blood metabolites in young dairy calves

Effects of lasalocid on peripheral concentration of blood ketones, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, insulin, urea-nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids and ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were examined using 16 Holstein bull calves. Ruminal cannulas were installed surgically at 5 ± 2 d of age. Calves were fed 1.8 kg milk replacer twice daily to weaning at 8 wk and a commercial pelleted calf starter once daily for ad libitum consumption to a maximum of 4.5 kg. Blood was collected once weekly for 12 wk and analyzed for β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate increased with increasing dry matter intake and was affected significantly by treatment post-weaning. Blood acetoacetate response was similar to β-hydroxybutyrate but without treatment effect. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids decreased with age suggesting that calves were under little stress. Plasma glucose increased to wk 5 then decreased to concentrations expected for mature ruminants. Plasma insulin responded to plasma glucose by increasing to weaning then decreased across all treatments. Plasma insulin correlated .41 to plasma glucose suggesting that insulin responds to other metabolites in addition to glucose. Plasma urea-nitrogen increased with age due to an increase in crude protein intake. Plasma total VFA increased with increasing dry matter intake and correlated .62. Plasma acetate, which composed 93 percent of plasma total VFA, correlated to dry matter intake (r = .62). Plasma propionate (r = .53) and butyrate (r = .02) were less highly correlated with DMI. Ruminal pH decreased with increased dry matter intake (r = .68). Calves fed lasalocid tended to maintain a higher ruminal pH than control calves. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen increased across all treatments throughout the study. Ruminal VFA increased as a function of dry matter intake (r = ,74). Molar percent ruminal acetate decreased and percent propionate increased throughout the study. Percent butyrate tended to be lower for calves that received lasalocid ruminally. Data indicate that ketone body concentration resulted from alimentary ketogenesis and lasalocid decreased blood ketone levels. No protein-sparing effect was observed in this study. Both ruminal and plasma volatile fatty acids responded to dry matter intake. Lasalocid shifted molar percentages of ruminal VFA away from acetate and butyrate in favor of propionate

Managing Conflict By Design: A Systems Approach for the University System of Georgia

Student unrest on university campuses has been and continues to be an on-going concern for both campuses and the communities in which they reside. Historically, if students and/or faculty perceive either a lack of legitimate means to express their issues or unfair outcomes resulting from those means, then demonstrations ensue. Police are frequently involved in the arrest of demonstrators, and some confrontations, unfortunately, lead to violence, including death. In the past five years, there has been tragic loss of life on campuses in Haiti, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and India and student and faculty protests have occurred in the United States, Australia, Western Europe, and Africa. A desire to provide mechanisms for fair and timely resolution to student and faculty concerns has resulted in the development of a variety of conflict management processes at universities, such as mediation, ombuds, and conciliation or negotiation services. Many programs claim success in handling disputes which have the potential for violence. However, program implementation has been idiosyncratic, lacking a systemic approach to both development and implementation. This paper details a comprehensive system design approach for developing and implementing conflict management in a large public university system in Georgia, USA. Since 1995, Georgia has become a national exemplar in developing a model for the design and institutionalization of conflict management in higher education. This model and the implementation methods are presented

An Adaptation of the Feulgen Reaction for the Staining of the Salivary Gland Chromosomes of \u3cem\u3eDrosophila\u3c/em\u3e

The discovering of the genetic value of Drosophila salivary gland chromosomes by Painter, Heitz, and Bauer in 1934 posed a problem of technique to the microtomist that is still being improved upon and widened. The staining of these chromosomes fer better study and to determine their properties, both chemical and physical, has been the object of intense research. This paper is the result of my work in connection with this subject

Managing Conflict By Design: A Systems Approach for the University System of Georgia

Student unrest on university campuses has been and continues to be an on-going concern for both campuses and the communities in which they reside. Historically, if students and/or faculty perceive either a lack of legitimate means to express their issues or unfair outcomes resulting from those means, then demonstrations ensue. Police are frequently involved in the arrest of demonstrators, and some confrontations, unfortunately, lead to violence, including death. In the past five years, there has been tragic loss of life on campuses in Haiti, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and India and student and faculty protests have occurred in the United States, Australia, Western Europe, and Africa. A desire to provide mechanisms for fair and timely resolution to student and faculty concerns has resulted in the development of a variety of conflict management processes at universities, such as mediation, ombuds, and conciliation or negotiation services. Many programs claim success in handling disputes which have the potential for violence. However, program implementation has been idiosyncratic, lacking a systemic approach to both development and implementation. This paper details a comprehensive system design approach for developing and implementing conflict management in a large public university system in Georgia, USA. Since 1995, Georgia has become a national exemplar in developing a model for the design and institutionalization of conflict management in higher education. This model and the implementation methods are presented

Network-guided sparse learning for predicting cognitive outcomes from MRI measures

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by gradual neurodegeneration and loss of brain function, especially for memory during early stages. Regression analysis has been widely applied to AD research to relate clinical and biomarker data such as predicting cognitive outcomes from MRI measures. In particular, sparse models have been proposed to identify the optimal imaging markers with high prediction power. However, the complex relationship among imaging markers are often overlooked or simplified in the existing methods. To address this issue, we present a new sparse learning method by introducing a novel network term to more flexibly model the relationship among imaging markers. The proposed algorithm is applied to the ADNI study for predicting cognitive outcomes using MRI scans. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by its improved prediction performance over several state-of-the-art competing methods and accurate identification of cognition-relevant imaging markers that are biologically meaningful

The Relationship Among Meditation Frequency, Mindfulness, Emotional Regulation, and Happiness

High levels of happiness and well-being are important for many reasons including health, relationships, and work-life balance. Understanding what can increase happiness and well-being levels may be beneficial to create a happy, healthy life. Recently, meditation has become a popular practice to increase happiness and overall well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between meditation frequency and mindfulness, emotional regulation, happiness, and overall well-being. To add to existing literature meditation frequency and emotional regulation were each assessed in two ways: average meditation frequency per week, average meditation session length, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal. It was hypothesized that meditation frequency is positively related to mindfulness, emotional regulation, happiness, and overall well-being. Additionally, it was hypothesized that a positive relationship exists between mindfulness, emotional regulation, happiness, and overall well-being. To investigate these hypotheses, 147 participants completed an online survey that assessed these relationships. Results partially confirmed the hypotheses with statistically clear positive relationships being found between mindfulness and expression suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and happiness. In our sample, as mindfulness levels increased, so did happiness and the use of emotional regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal

Structured sparse CCA for brain imaging genetics via graph OSCAR

Recently, structured sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) has received increased attention in brain imaging genetics studies. It can identify bi-multivariate imaging genetic associations as well as select relevant features with desired structure information. These SCCA methods either use the fused lasso regularizer to induce the smoothness between ordered features, or use the signed pairwise difference which is dependent on the estimated sign of sample correlation. Besides, several other structured SCCA models use the group lasso or graph fused lasso to encourage group structure, but they require the structure/group information provided in advance which sometimes is not available