Immanuel Kant: Der ewige Frieden – Gewalt und Gerechtigkeit

In ihrem rechtsphilosophischen Essay ruft Ingrid Nwotony Kants Schrift Zum ewigen Frieden ins Gedächtnis – ein Text, der unabhängig von seiner Kürze eine lange Wirkung entfaltet hat. Über historische Kontexte und die lebendige Auseinandersetzung mit der Verpflichtung zu einem Denken der Aufklärung kann hier einer der zentralen Texte des „Königsbergers“ kennengelernt werden, der insbesondere heutzutage wieder von besonderer Aktualität ist.In her essay on the philosophy of law, Ingrid Nwotony recalls Kant’s writing Zum ewigen Frieden (On Perpetual Peace) – a text that, regardless of its brevity, has had a long impact. Through historical contexts and a lively examination of the commitment to Enlightenment thinking, one of the central texts of Kant can be encountered here, which is of particular relevance again today

An investigation into the application of Austrian didactics and methods of elementary musical education in South African school

Why teach music? To answer this question one has to be able to see the full value of musical education. One has to recognize its effect on the unfolding of character and personality on the one hand and, on the other, its value for the development and sharpening of the intellect. In ancient Greece, the cradle of Western culture, the significance of music for man, the people, and the state was frequently emphasized. The Greeks regarded music almost as a magic force, the inherent harmony of which was capable of transforming things and creating order by reconciling contrarieties. Similarly they believed that the power of music could restore the harmony in man's soul. Intro., p.1

Bax1 Is a Novel Endonuclease: IMPLICATIONS FOR ARCHAEAL NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR*

The helicases XPB and XPD are part of the TFIIH complex, which mediates transcription initiation as well as eukaryotic nucleotide excision repair (NER). Although there is no TFIIH complex present in archaea, most species contain both XPB and XPD and serve as a model for their eukaryotic homologs. Recently, a novel binding partner for XPB, Bax1 (binds archeal XPB), was identified in archaea. To gain insights into its role in NER, Bax1 from Thermoplasma acidophilum was characterized. We identified Bax1 as a novel Mg2+-dependent structure-specific endonuclease recognizing DNA containing a 3′ overhang. Incision assays conducted with DNA substrates providing different lengths of the 3′ overhang indicate that Bax1 specifically incises DNA in the single-stranded region of the 3′ overhang 4–6 nucleotides to the single-stranded DNA/double-stranded DNA junction and thus is a structure-specific and not a sequence-specific endonuclease. In contrast, no incision was detected in the presence of a 5′ overhang, double-stranded DNA, or DNA containing few unpaired nucleotides forming a bubble. Several Bax1 variants were generated based on multiple sequence alignments and examined with respect to their ability to perform the incision reaction. Residues Glu-124, Asp-132, Tyr-152, and Glu-155 show a dramatic reduction in incision activity, indicating a pivotal role in catalysis. Interestingly, Bax1 does not exhibit any incision activity in the presence of XPB, thus suggesting a role in NER in which the endonuclease activity is tightly regulated until the damage has been recognized and verified prior to the incision event