Energy exchange between nonlinear oscillators: An entropy foundation

In the field of vibrations of complex structures, energy methods like SEA and a series of mid-frequency methods, represent an important resource for computational analysis. All these methods are based in general on a linear formulation of the elastic problem. However, when nonlinearities are present, for example related to clearance or stiffening of joints, these methods, in principle, cannot be applied. This paper, on the basis of a theory presented recently by one of the authors, proposes a foundation of a new energy method able to deal with nonlinearities when studying the energy exchange between subsystems. The idea relies on the concept of a thermodynamic vibroacoustic temperature, that can be directly defined when introducing the entropy of a vibrating structure. The theory is introduced in general, and examples of calculation of the power flow between nonlinear resonators are presented introducing stiffening and clearences for systems with many degrees of freedom

Complex aetiology of an apparently Mendelian form of Mental Retardation-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Complex aetiology of an apparently Mendelian form of Mental Retardation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/9/6</p><p>BMC Medical Genetics 2008;9():6-6.</p><p>Published online 6 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2259315.</p><p></p>minant model; in pink, the recessive model

Characteristics of the cohort.

a<p>IFNβ preparation could be assigned to 358 of the 364 NAb positive patients, while the type of preparation used was unspecified for 6 NAb positive patients.</p><p>Abbreviations: IQR = interquartile range, i.m. = intramuscular, s.c. = subcutaneous, TRU/ml = tenfold reduction units per milliliter, IFNβ = interferon beta, NAb = neutralizing antibodies</p

HLA association to development of NAbs and biologically relevant titers.

a<p>Major HLA alleles (>5% allele frequency) nominally associated or previously reported to be associated with development of NAbs and biologically relevant titers are presented. All HLA alleles can be found in <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090479#pone.0090479.s002" target="_blank">Table S2</a></b> and <b>S3</b>.</p>b<p>nominal <i>P</i>-values assessed by Chi square test,</p>c<p>Bonferroni corrected <i>P</i>-values (76 allele groups tested).</p><p>Abbreviations: BRT = biologically relevant titers, C.I. = confidence interval, NAb = neutralizing antibodies, OR = odds ratio.</p

Additional file 4: .Figure S2 of Sex influences eQTL effects of SLE and Sjögren’s syndrome-associated genetic polymorphisms

“eQTL effects of SLE and/or pSS-associated polymorphisms in B cells”. eQTL effects of SLE and/or pSS-associated SNPs in primary naïve B cells. The p-value represents the significance in differential expression between the homozygous group of the non-risk allele and the homozygous group of the risk allele. The rightmost genotype group in each graph denotes the homozygous group of the disease risk allele and is marked by *. (PDF 121 kb

Carrier frequency and absolute risk for HLA allele groups associated to NAb development and biologically relevant titers^a.

a<p>All HLA allele groups can be found in <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090479#pone.0090479.s005" target="_blank">Table S5</a></b>.</p>b<p>Treatment only is the frequency of NAb development and biologically relevant titers for each treatment regardless of genotype.</p>c<p>The absolute risk for each HLA allele group is calculated with Bayes' theorem and assessed based on frequency and impact on NAb development.</p>d<p>Nominal <i>P</i>-values from Fishers exact test.</p>e<p>Bonferroni corrected <i>P</i>-values (allele groups tested: 12 tests for i.m. IFNβ-1a, 19 tests for IFNβ-1b, 38 for s.c. IFNβ-1a).</p><p>Abbreviations: AR = absolute risk, C.I. = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, IFNβ = interferon beta, n/a = not applicable, NAb = neutralizing antibodies.</p

Les Trois Ordres au féminin : A faut esperer qu'eu se jeu la Finira bentot

Eau-forte en couleurs, 27 x 17 cmComme il est exprimé au bas de la version masculine de ces gravures populaires naïves de qualité graphique assez médiocre, et qui ont été largement diffusées, le peuple, en cette fin du XVIII e siècle, semble las de l'inégalité devant la loi et l'impôt. Les cahiers de doléances de 1789 exprimaient un ardent loyalisme au roi et un profond désir de réforme&nbsp;: revendication égalitaire, dénonciation des privilèges, appel aux droits naturels mais en des termes qui ne présageaient en rien du déroulement de la Révolution, ni de l'&oelig;uvre législative de l'Assemblée constituante. En 1788, quand, devant les notables, Necker dénonce l'exclusion "de la vie publique, de toute une classe d'hommes unie à la prospérité de l'état" et que Louis&nbsp;XVI accorde au Tiers État autant de députés que la noblesse et le clergé réunis, on peut percevoir l'émergence d'une force politique qui émane du peuple. Sur tout le territoire national souffle un vent d'espoir de changement, de réconciliation, de concorde qui s'exprime par la diffusion en grand nombre d'estampes à caractère populaire ou plus sophistiqué, mais toujours à connotation philosophique ou symbolique.téléchargeabl

Analysis of autoantibody reactivity against NIAPP, IAPP and IAPPC in plasma from newly diagnosed T1D.

<p>High IAPP values are represented by blue bars and low IAPP values are represented by purple bars.</p

Elevated IAPP values in Day1 samples remain elevated in Day 3 samples.

<p>Comparison of IAPP concentrations in plasma taken at diagnosis (day 1) and three days after diagnosis (day 3). Red circles designate day 1 samples and blue circles day 3 samples.</p

There is no correlation between presence of insulin autoantibodies and plasma IAPP concentration.

<p>Analysis of insulin autoantibodies in plasma from children and adolescent newly diagnosed with T1D.</p