Wearable proximity sensors for monitoring a mass casualty incident exercise: a feasibility study

Over the past several decades, naturally occurring and man-made mass casualty incidents (MCI) have increased in frequency and number, worldwide. To test the impact of such event on medical resources, simulations can provide a safe, controlled setting while replicating the chaotic environment typical of an actual disaster. A standardised method to collect and analyse data from mass casualty exercises is needed, in order to assess preparedness and performance of the healthcare staff involved. We report on the use of wearable proximity sensors to measure proximity events during a MCI simulation. We investigated the interactions between medical staff and patients, to evaluate the time dedicated by the medical staff with respect to the severity of the injury of the victims depending on the roles. We estimated the presence of the patients in the different spaces of the field hospital, in order to study the patients' flow. Data were obtained and collected through the deployment of wearable proximity sensors during a mass casualty incident functional exercise. The scenario included two areas: the accident site and the Advanced Medical Post (AMP), and the exercise lasted 3 hours. A total of 238 participants simulating medical staff and victims were involved. Each participant wore a proximity sensor and 30 fixed devices were placed in the field hospital. The contact networks show a heterogeneous distribution of the cumulative time spent in proximity by participants. We obtained contact matrices based on cumulative time spent in proximity between victims and the rescuers. Our results showed that the time spent in proximity by the healthcare teams with the victims is related to the severity of the patient's injury. The analysis of patients' flow showed that the presence of patients in the rooms of the hospital is consistent with triage code and diagnosis, and no obvious bottlenecks were found

2D size, position and shape definition of defects by B-scan image analysis

The non-destructive evaluation of defects by automatic procedures is of great importance for structural components. Thanks to the developments of the non-contact ultrasonic techniques, the automation of the inspections is gaining a progressively important role. In this work, an automatic inspection technique for the evaluation of defects by the analysis of B-scan images obtained by a laser ultrasonic system is presented. The data are extracted directly from a B-scan map obtained for a panel with internal defects, and are used to build an image of the cross section of the panel. The proposed automatic procedure allows the definition of size, position and shape of defects in panels of known thicknes

B-Scan image analysis for position and shape defect definition in plates

Definition of size, shape and location of defects into a mechanical component is of extreme importance in the manufacturing industry in general and particularly in high-tech applications, and in applications that can become dangerous due to the structural failure of mechanical components. In this paper, a laser-UT system has been used to define position and shape of internal defects in aluminum plates. An infrared pulsed laser is used to generate ultrasonic waves in a point of the plate and a CW laser interferometer is used as receiver to acquire the out-of-plane displacements due to the ultrasonic waves in another point of the plate. The method consists of acquiring a B-Scan map on which some information on the defects in the mechanical component are visible. Storing the characteristics of the wave reflected by the defect and acquired in the B-Scan, the detection and the drawing of the defect is possible. The acquisition of the times of arrival of the waves reflected by the defect from the B-scan allows defining large parts of the shape of the defect. The times of arrival are acquired from the B-scan by analyzing the colour variations due to the wave reflected by the defect. The experiments operated from both sides of the plate allow drawing the defect in a virtual image of the plate section, from which the definition of defect shape and position can be determined

Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering II Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, ADM 2021

This volume collects the proceedings of the ADM2021 International Conference, entitled “Design tools and methods in industrial engineering II,” held in Rome (Italy) from September 9–10, 2021, Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering of Sapienza. It is a great honor for me hosting the conference as Chair and coordinating the second edition of this International Conference, which took place for the first time in the University Campus of Modena in September 2019. ADM conference was conceived as the Italian venue to strengthen the network of international research and to meet our colleagues in Italy. The spirit of this venue is similar in conception to that inspiring the Joint Conference on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Advanced Manufacturing (JCM), organized by ADM (Italian Association of Design and Methods for Industrial Engineering) together with the Spanish members of INGEGRAF and the French members of S.mart. The presence of 96 articles, coming from different European countries and the work of over 100 reviewers, demonstrates the activity of our research community, despite the problems related to the pandemic. I wish to thank all the colleagues who have collaborated with me as Organizers: Michele Bici and Daniela Pilone of Sapienza, Paolo Cicconi of the University of Roma 3, Tommaso Ingrassia of the University of Palermo, and Francesco Gherardini of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia to whom I deserve special thanks for having “passed the baton” to me in the conference organizational relay. I wish to thank also all the colleagues who have supported us as Members of the Scientific Committee and as Reviewers and all Authors who gave their valuable contribution to the conference with their research. Likewise, I thank President of ADM Prof. Vincenzo Antonio Nigrelli and Prof. Caterina Rizzi, Coordinator of the Scientific Council of the ADM. A further thank is due to Altair and the ASME Italian Section for their patronage, to the Sapienza institutions, the Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering and the Department of Mechanics and Aerospace, for hosting us. Last, but not least, the ix publisher Springer Nature, who honored us by publishing the proceedings of this second edition in the series “Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering.” With the hope that ADM2021 and the presence in Rome can also set the restart for new opportunities for social sharing and research

Optimal positioning of the humeral component in the reverse shoulder prosthesis

Total reverse shoulder arthroplasty is becoming more and more the standard therapeutic practice for glenohumeral arthropathy with massive lesions of the rotator cuff. The biomechanical principle of this prosthesis is represented by the reversion of the normal anatomy of the shoulder joint. This non-anatomical prosthesis leads to a medialization of the rotation centre of the glenohumeral joint and also to a distalization of the humeral head. All that causes a deltoid tension increasing so allowing a larger abduction of the arm. Main complications of the reverse shoulder prosthesis are due to the joint instability, the scapular notching and the wear of the polyethylene insert