Note on paraconsistency and reasoning about fractions

We apply a paraconsistent logic to reason about fractions.Comment: 6 page

Straight-line instruction sequence completeness for total calculation on cancellation meadows

A combination of program algebra with the theory of meadows is designed leading to a theory of computation in algebraic structures which use in addition to a zero test and copying instructions the instruction set $\{x \Leftarrow 0, x \Leftarrow 1, x\Leftarrow -x, x\Leftarrow x^{-1}, x\Leftarrow x+y, x\Leftarrow x\cdot y\}$. It is proven that total functions on cancellation meadows can be computed by straight-line programs using at most 5 auxiliary variables. A similar result is obtained for signed meadows.Comment: 24 page

Universality of Univariate Mixed Fractions in Divisive Meadows

Univariate fractions can be transformed to mixed fractions in the equational theory of meadows of characteristic zero.Comment: 12 page

Equations for formally real meadows

We consider the signatures $\Sigma_m=(0,1,-,+, \cdot, \ ^{-1})$ of meadows and $(\Sigma_m, {\mathbf s})$ of signed meadows. We give two complete axiomatizations of the equational theories of the real numbers with respect to these signatures. In the first case, we extend the axiomatization of zero-totalized fields by a single axiom scheme expressing formal realness; the second axiomatization presupposes an ordering. We apply these completeness results in order to obtain complete axiomatizations of the complex numbers.Comment: 24 pages, 14 tables, revised, new Theorem 3.

Automated data acquisition and reduction system for torsional braid analyzer

Automated Data Acquisition and Reduction System (ADAR) evaluates damping coefficient and relative rigidity by storing four successive peaks of waveform and time period between two successive peaks. Damping coefficient and relative rigidity are then calculated and plotted against temperature or time in real time

Betahistine for tinnitus (Protocol)

Background: Tinnitus describes 'ringing', 'whooshing' or 'hissing' sounds that are heard in the absence of any corresponding external sound. Between 5% and 43% of people experience this symptom and for some it has a significant negative impact on their quality of life. Tinnitus can be managed through education and advice, prescription devices that improve hearing, over-the-counter devices that generate background sounds, psychological therapy and relaxation therapy. Drug therapies are used to manage complaints associated with tinnitus such as sleep difficulties, anxiety or depression. No drug therapies exist that manage the tinnitus itself. Nonetheless, betahistine is often prescribed for tinnitus. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence from high-quality clinical trials to work out the effect of betahistine on people's tinnitus. We particularly wanted to look at the effect of betahistine on tinnitus loudness and the side effects of betahistine.Study characteristics: Our review identified five randomised controlled trials with a total of 303 to 305 participants who suffered from tinnitus. These studies compared participants receiving betahistine to those receiving a placebo. Four study designs allocated participants into parallel groups. In one study, participants consented to take all study medications in a pre-defined sequence. The outcomes that we evaluated included tinnitus loudness and intrusiveness, tinnitus symptoms and side effects.Key results: The included studies did not show differences in tinnitus loudness, severity of tinnitus symptoms or side effects between participants receiving betahistine and participants receiving a placebo. No significant side effects were reported. We had planned to evaluate changes in tinnitus intrusiveness, depression and anxiety and quality of life, but these were not measured. The evidence suggests that betahistine is generally well tolerated with a similar risk of side effects to placebo.Quality of the evidence: The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. The risk of bias in all of the included studies was unclear. The results were drawn from one or two studies only. In some studies, the participants that were included did not fully represent the entire population of people with tinnitus and so we cannot draw general conclusions

Weight loss surgery in adolescents corrects high-density lipoprotein subspecies and their function.

Background/objectiveYouth with obesity have an altered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subspecies profile characterized by depletion of large apoE-rich HDL particles and an enrichment of small HDL particles. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that this atherogenic HDL profile is reversible and that HDL function would improve with metabolic surgery.MethodsSerum samples from adolescent males with severe obesity mean±s.d. age of 17.4±1.6 years were studied at baseline and 1 year following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). HDL subspecies and HDL function were evaluated pre and post VSG using paired t-tests. A lean group of adolescents was included as a reference group.ResultsAfter VSG, body mass index decreased by 32% and insulin resistance as estimated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance decreased by 75% (both P<0.01). Large apoE-rich HDL subspecies increased following VSG (P<0.01) and approached that of lean adolescents despite participants with considerable residual obesity. In addition, HDL function improved compared with baseline (cholesterol efflux capacity increased by 12%, HDL lipid peroxidation potential decreased by 30% and HDL anti-oxidative capacity improved by 25%, all P<0.01).ConclusionsMetabolic surgery results in a significant improvement in the quantity of large HDL subspecies and HDL function. Our data suggest metabolic surgery may improve cardiovascular risk in adolescents and young adults