Planetary atlases

Two kinds of planetary map atlases are in production. Atlases of the first kind contain reduced-scale versions of maps in hard-bound books with dimensions of 11 x 14 inches. These new atlases are intended to: (1) provide concise but comprehensive references to the geography of the planets needed by planetary scientists and others; and (2) allow inexpensive access to the planetary map dataset without requiring acquisition and examination of tens or hundreds of full-size map sheets. Two such atlases have been published and a third is in press. Work was begun of an Atlas of the Satellite of the Outer Planets. The second kind of atlas is a popular or semi-technical version designed for commercial publication and distribution. The first edition, The Atlas of the Solar System, is nearly ready for publication. New funding and contracting constraints now make it unlikely that the atlas can be published in the format originally planned. Currently, the possibility of publishing the maps through the U.S. Geological Survey as a series of folios in the I-map series is being explored. The maps are global views of each solid-surface body of the Solar System. Each map shows airbrushed relief, albedo, and, where available, topography. A set of simplified geologic maps is also included. All of the maps are on equal-area projections. Scales are 1:40,000,000 for the Earth and Venus; 1:2,000,000 for the Saturnian satellites Mimas and Enceladus and the Uranian satellite Miranda; 1:100,000 for the Martian satellites, Phobos and Deimos; and 1:10,000,000 for all other bodies

Automated data acquisition and reduction system for torsional braid analyzer

Automated Data Acquisition and Reduction System (ADAR) evaluates damping coefficient and relative rigidity by storing four successive peaks of waveform and time period between two successive peaks. Damping coefficient and relative rigidity are then calculated and plotted against temperature or time in real time

Indexes of maps of the planets and satellites, 1992

More than 1,600 maps of the surfaces of planets and satellites of the solar system have been produced by the U.S. geological survey and by the defense mapping agency. This collection of maps is a unique research that has been derived from maps and data returned by a series of remarkably successful space missions. These indexes have been compiled to provide a comprehensive listing of all published maps. Many maps are out of print but copies reside in many libraries and regional planetary imaging facilities. These indexes are a valuable resource for studies of the planets and satellites, and are an important starting point for the acquisition of cartographic data

Breaking free:endocytosis and endosomal escape of extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural micro-/nanoparticles that play an important role in intercellular communication. They are secreted by producer/donor cells and subsequent uptake by recipient/acceptor cells may result in phenotypic changes in these cells due to the delivery of cargo molecules, including lipids, RNA, and proteins. The process of endocytosis is widely described as the main mechanism responsible for cellular uptake of EVs, with endosomal escape of cargo molecules being a necessity for the functional delivery of EV cargo. Equivalent to synthetic micro-/nanoparticles, the properties of EVs, such as size and composition, together with environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and extracellular fluid composition, codetermine the interactions of EVs with cells, from binding to uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cargo release. Innovative assays for detection and quantification of the different steps in the EV formation and EV-mediated cargo delivery process have provided valuable insight into the biogenesis and cellular processing of EVs and their cargo, revealing the occurrence of EV recycling and degradation, next to functional cargo delivery, with the back fusion of the EV with the endosomal membrane standing out as a common cargo release pathway. In view of the significant potential for developing EVs as drug delivery systems, this review discusses the interaction of EVs with biological membranes en route to cargo delivery, highlighting the reported techniques for studying EV internalization and intracellular trafficking, EV-membrane fusion, endosomal permeabilization, and cargo delivery, including functional delivery of RNA cargo.</p

Providing Job Embedded Professional Learning for Mathematics Specialists

We know that if professional learning opportunities are to be meaningful and create long-lasting and systemic change, they must be ongoing and job-embedded. One of the most beneficial aspects of having mathematics specialists in schools is that they can provide job-embedded professional learning directly to teachers. Perhaps due to the strong impact mathematics specialists have on teaching and learning, we may overlook the need to provide professional learning to support the growth of mathematics specialists themselves. Just as we provide coaching to teachers to affect their professional growth, we must identify similar opportunities to affect the growth of mathematics specialists. This paper will identify the purposes of these opportunities to include supporting growth in content knowledge, pedagogical expertise, coaching skills, and professionalism and leadership. We recognize that sustained efforts must be undertaken to see significant growth in these areas. Through interviews with individuals from Virginia school divisions and professional organizations, we identify models that can be replicated to provide the recommended professional learning for mathematics specialists

Exploring reported genes of microglia RNA-sequencing data:Uses and considerations

The advent of RNA-sequencing techniques has made it possible to generate large, unbiased gene expression datasets of tissues and cell types. Several studies describing gene expression data of microglia from Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis have been published, aiming to generate more insight into the role of microglia in these neurological diseases. Though the raw sequencing data are often deposited in open access databases, the most accessible source of data for scientists is what is reported in published manuscripts. We observed a relatively limited overlap in reported differentially expressed genes between various microglia RNA-sequencing studies from multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's diseases. It was clear that differences in experimental set up influenced the number of overlapping reported genes. However, even when the experimental set up was very similar, we observed that overlap in reported genes could be low. We identified that papers reporting large numbers of differentially expressed microglial genes generally showed higher overlap with other papers. In addition, though the pathology present within the tissue used for sequencing can greatly influence microglia gene expression, often the pathology present in samples used for sequencing was underreported, leaving it difficult to assess the data. Whereas reanalyzing every raw dataset could reduce the variation that contributes to the observed limited overlap in reported genes, this is not feasible for labs without (access to) bioinformatic expertise. In this study, we thus provide an overview of data present in manuscripts and their supplementary files and how these data can be interpreted

TARP as immunotherapeutic target in AML expressed in the LSC compartment

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"Not wishing to be the white rhino in the crowd" : disability-disclosure at University

This article reports on a qualitative study identifying the drivers for and boundaries to disability-disclosure in interability interactions as experienced by 13 students with physical impairments at five Belgian higher education institutions. Through surveys and in-depth interviews, the study explored whether the students experience, prefer, and expect differences in communication about their impairments with temporarily able-bodied peers, instructors, and staff. Interviews provided insight into the nuances of disclosure and topic avoidance decisions that differ by disclosure target: disabilitydisclosure is mainly a balancing act between fulfilling physical needs and maintaining a normal, positive identity. The visibility of impairments seems to play a minor role in the students’ initial orientation toward disclosing. The functions of disability-disclosure as posited by the Communication Predicament of Disability Model and the CARE-keys to effective interability communication (i.e., Contact, Ask, Respect, Empathy) are discussed as well as the implications of the findings for Communication Accommodation Theory

A comprehensive multidisciplinary care pathway for hip fractures better outcome than usual care?

Introduction: Hip fracture surgery is among the most performed surgical procedures in elderly patients. Mortality rates are high, however, and patients often fail to live independently following a hip fracture. To improve outcome, multidisciplinary care pathways have been initiated, but longer-term results are lacking. Aim of this study was to compare functional outcome and living situation six months after hip fracture treatment with and without a care pathway. Patients and methods: A multicentre prospective controlled trial was conducted with three hospitals: in one hospital patients were treated with a care pathway, in the other hospitals patients received usual care. All patients aged >= 60 years witha hipfracture were asked to participate. Besides basic characteristics, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and performance scores of activities of daily living (Katz Index and Lawton IADL) were assessed. Differences in scores were analysed using linear regression. Propensity score adjustment was used to correct for differences between the care pathway and the usual care group. Missing data were imputed. Results: No differences in rate of return to prefracture ADL level were found between patients in the care pathway group and the usual care group. The percentage of participants in the same situation as before the fracture was the same in both treatment groups (81%). There were no significant differences in quality of life, activities of daily living or mortality (15% vs 10%, p = 0.17), but hospital stay in the care pathway group was significantly shorter (median 7 vs 10 days). Discussion: Treatment of elderly patients with a hip fracture is commonly organised in care pathways. Although short-term advantages are reported, positive effects on longer-term functional results could not be proven in our study. This study confirmed a shorter hospital stay in the care pathway group, which potentially may lead to a reduction in costs. Conclusions: Functional outcome and living situation six months after a hip fracture is the same for patients treated with or without a care pathway. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd