Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Tumeur odontogène adénomatoïde : à propos d'un cas à localisation mandibulaire associé à une prémolaire incluse

Une patiente âgée de 20 ans consulte pour une tuméfaction parasymphysaire gauche évoluant depuis quelques mois. L'examen clinique montre une tuméfaction dure et indolore avec, à l'examen endobuccal, un comblement du vestibule allant de la 33 à la 36 avec absence de la 34. Les dents de voisinage sont vivantes. L'examen radiologique révèle une image radioclaire uniloculaire en rapport avec la couronne de la 34 qui est incluse. L'aspect est évocateur d'un kyste péricoronaire. L'étude histologique de la pièce opératoire conclut qu'il s'agit d'une tumeur odontogène adénomatoïde. (Med Buccale Chir Buccale 2008 ; 14 : 221-225)

Histopathological, biochemical and molecular changes of reproductive function after malathion exposure of prepubertal male mice

International audienceWe aimed in the present work to evaluate the implication of oxidative stress in the toxicological effects of subchronic malathion exposure on reproductive function in mice. In this respect, we used prepubertal male mice separated into two groups: a control and a malathion treated group. Animals were treated by gavage (per orally, p.o.) with malathion at 200 mg kg(-1), body weight (b.w.) during thirty days. We found that malathion treatment leads to the alteration of semen parameters such as a decrease of testosterone level and acetylcholinesterase activity, an induction of apoptosis and necrosis in spermatozoa as well as a decrease of reproductive performance of male mice. The histopathological examination showed a marked change in the testis tissue. Malathion intoxication was by an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, a decrease of sulfhydril groups (-SH) content, as well as a depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in testis and epididymis. More importantly, malathion treatment clearly induced a decrease in mRNA expression of COX isoenzyme in cauda and epididymis as well as GPx-4 in testis and GPx-5 in epididymis. These data suggest that a marked deregulation of reproductive function in prepubertal male mice exposed to malathion might be partly due to pro-oxidant properties of the examined compound

Impact of Music Therapy on Quality of Life in Children with Cancer

Background: Music therapy (MT) is a non-pharmacological treatment increasingly used to reduce stress and anxiety in hospitalized children affected by cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MT on quality of life in children with cancer and determine its effect on cardiorespiratory rates. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study between 1 April and 31 August 2021 at Bechir Hamza children’s Hospital in Tunis, including children treated for cancer. The child or parent completed the PedsQL Module Cancer French version 3.0 questionnaires before and after four weekly music therapy sessions. The child’s respiratory and heart rates were measured before and after each session. Results: We included 20 children whose mean age was 7 ± 4.5 years. The median value of the total questionnaire score increased from 57 [46; 70] to 72 [67; 85] (p −3) noting a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.02), nausea (p = 0.009), and anxiety related to medical procedures (p = 0.009) and worry about the future (p = 0.005). We highlighted a significant decrease in respiratory and heart rate after MT (p < 0.05). Conclusions: MT has positive impact on quality of life in children with cancer and reduces stress by lowering their cardiorespiratory rates