Evaluation of Homogeneity from Ore-bodied in Nigeria for Secondary Mineral Prospective

Samples from ore–bodied areas at different locations in Papalanto and Ifo in Ogun-State, South-West of Nigeria, where Ewekoro cement industry is situated, were analyzed so as to recover some secondary minerals of economic value. The following parameters were evaluated, conductivity, turbidity, colour, pH and other chemical parameters. Variations of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chloride ion contents, and temperature were also studied. Mineral-forming heavy metals were in the ranges Fe: 89.0–1080 mg/l; Mg: 869–1120 mg/l; Pb: 23–80 mg/l; Zn: 180-480 mg/l. The concentration of nitrate is 20-35 mg/l; phosphate: 8-80mg/l; Dissolved Oxygen (DO): 30–45 mg/l; Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): 89-900 mg/l; pH: 6.1-8.5; Conductivity: 10-18μs/cm3 and temperature ranged between 25-27oC. Also in the tabulation are the results of the homogeneity of four geochemical explorations from other Nigerian ore-bodied environments for comparison. Correlations of some of the physical and chemical parameters have been established with the view of providing conditions for the formation of secondary minerals and the types of such minerals expected from the studied areas. The minerals may include the following groups of minerals: Adelite, Melilite, Cancrinite and Copriapite. The study apart from the present knowledge on ore-based baseline also present information on the pollution studies of the area under investigatio

A SURVEY OF SAFETY PRACTICES IN SOME MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN NORTHEASTERN STATES OF NIGERIA

This paper looks at safe ty practY"..es in some o! t~e industries cf North· Easterr. S~tes of ~eric Some o! tr.e surveyed mdustnes :W~ere known tc prov1de reasonable leveis of safe:y fa~h!ies. The relationsrups between accidents and the degree cf provis~-~ of safery facii1ttes ar.d observcnce: of safety rules were estooilshea

Effects of Pouring Temperature on Solidification Using Energy Profile Analysis on Aluminum Alloy

This work covered the study of energy profiles as influenced by solidification on sand cast 6063 aluminum alloy. Temperature is an important parameter, most especially in foundry technology that influences properties and morphology of cast products. Different pouring temperatures of 680oC, 740oC and 780oC were considered. Mechanical energy expended and the quantity of heat evolved was evaluated from results obtained from tensile test experiments carried on the three samples. Relationship between change in coefficient of thermal expansion and change in applied tensile load were derived; it was observed that the maximum energy expended before fracture for samples decreased with increasing pouring temperature. Increasing pouring temperature decreased the amount of energy to be expended during deformation. This also influenced the change in heat evolved per time

Potentially Exploitable Base-Metal Containing Bentonite Clay Minerals oflbeshi-Ikorodu South-Western Nigeria for Oil Bleaching

.The experiment has been undertaken to evaluate the bleaching capacity of lbeshi Montmorillonite-Bentonite clay to be used on soya bean oils (edible oils). The clay capacity for bleaching was evaluated before and after acid activation processes. The acid-activated Bentonite was prepared from raw Bentonite with sulphuric acid of concentrations 6 M, 7 M, and 8 M; this is because availability of hydrogen is a competitor at ions exchange site. Acid activation promotes catalytic activities by increasing the number of active sites of the clay samples. The results from AAS, GeMS analysis and the spectra of the raw clay indicated that the dominant components present were Ah~, MgO, CaO, Na20, and K20 together with Fe2~, Ti02, Mn02 and P20 5. The ratio ofNa20:CaO is 0.24-0.30, a value less than one, indicative the presence of montmorillonite, and the Si02 : Ah03 between ratio of 1.12-1.50 greater than one. The optimum acid concentration for industrial bleaching is 6 M H2S04. However, the exchange capacity was observed at pH 7. The work has shown that activated montmorillonite/Bentonite clay has other useful organic compounds such as organic complexes 2, 4-Nonadienal; up to 8% a-Tocopherol. Tests for bleaching performance evaluation confirmed that the clay has moderately bleaching action as shown by percentage colour reduction. The colour reduction for natural clay was 9.1 %, this value increases to 27.3% after 8M H2S04 activation. Other properties include the structural characteristics, free fatty acid value, viscosity were also recorded. The availability of Bentonite across Nigeria makes it a potential industrial mineral for the economy developmen

Design and Construction of Sheabutter Extraction Machine for Rural Areas In The Developing Countries

Both industrial and domestic applications of oils/fats have necessitated lipids research and the best method of extraction. The design and construction of the sheabutter extractor was made with the view of improving the nutrients in sheabutter. The construction was made within the available local raw materials.· The extractor- which is portable and manually operated, is meant to serve r-ur-al areas in the developing countries. The sheabutter extractor was tested and was found to be sa tis factory

Aluminum Silicon Carbide Particulate Metal Matrix Composite Development Via Stir Casting Processing

In this paper, conventional simple methods of Q1 producing MMC with attained properties through the dis persion of silicon carbide in the matrix were investi11 gated. To achieve these objectives two step-mixing method of stir casting technique has been employed. Aluminum (99.66 %C.P) and SiC (320 and 1200 grits) were chosen as matrix and reinforcement materials respectively. Exper iments were conducted by varying weight fraction of SiC for 2.5 %, 5.0 %, 7.5 % and 10 %. The result indicated that the stir casting method was quite successful to obtain uniform dispersion of reinforcement in the matrix. This was evident by the improvement properties of composites over the base metal. Reinforced Aluminium Silicon Car bide (ASC) showed increase in Young’s Modulus (E) and hardness above the unreinforced case and marginal reduc tion of electrical conductivity was recorded for the com posites. The silicon carbide of 1200 grits (3 μm) showed increased Young’sModulus (E) and hardness of 1517.6Mpa and 26.1 Hv values at 7.5% volume fraction silicon carbidewhen compared with the silicon carbide 320 grit (29 μm)Also; the electrical conductivity properties of the two grit sizes of the Silicon Carbides were less than the base metal for all the volume fraction of Silicon Carbid

Aluminum Silicon Carbide Particulate Metal Matrix Composite Development Via Stir Casting Processing

In this paper, conventional simple methods of producing MMC with attained properties through the dispersion of silicon carbide in the matrix are investigated. To achieve these objectives a two-step mixing method of stir casting technique was employed. Aluminum (99.66 %C.P) and SiC (320 and 1200 grits) were chosen as matrix and reinforcement materials respectively. Experiments were conducted by varying the weight fraction of SiC for 2.5 %, 5.0 %. 7.5 % and 10 %. The result indicated that the st ir casting method was quite successful to obtain uniform dispersion of reinforcement in the matrix. This was evident by the improvement of properties of composites over the base metal. Reinforced Aluminum Silicon Carbide (ASC) showed an increase in Young's modulus (E) and hardness above the unreinforced case and marginal reduction of electrical conductivity was recorded for the composites. The silicon carbide of 1200gnts (3 J.lm) showed increased Young's modulus (E) and hardness of 15 17.6 Mpa and 26.1Hv values at 7.5% volume fraction silicon carbide; when compared with the silicon carbide 320 grit (29 J.lm). Also; the electrical conductivity properties of the two grit sizes of the silicon carbides were less than the base metal for all the volume fractions of silicon carbide

HOFMANN-MARTIUS REARRANGEMENT REACTIONS CATALYSED BY ZEOLITE

N-Methylaniline was reacted over HZSM-5, H-Theta-1 and HY zeolites and was found to rearrange to give the toluidines, aniline and N,N-dimethylaniline. Percentage conversion to these products was found to be highest over HY zeolite with a higher selectivity to p-toluidine, whereas over HZSM-5 and H-Theta-1 selectivity was to N,N-dimethylaniline. The conversion to these products is in line with Hofmann-Martius and the Reilly-Hickin bottom rearrangement reactions. However the selectivity to N,N-dimethylaniline as observed over HZSM-5 and H-Theta-1 (medium pore zeolites) is ne

Temperature Distribution on the Rate of Heat Transfer around a Spur Gear Tooth

temperature distributions on a spur gear tooth. The gear tooth was subjected to temperature variations both at the top and root as well as variations in the respective coordinate of the material particles. The developed model was further used to evaluate the rate of heat transfer through the gear material. The result showed that the heat flux decreases with increasing values of Z which represent the particle coordinate. However, change in Z coordinate also constitute increased random motion of the particles in the gear causing steady degradation even at decreasing heat flux. Therefore, the study has revealed that temperature variation has negative effect on the wear mode of the gear material and at higher temperature, failure of the gear tooth would set in

Reconnaissance Study of Smectite ores of Lafarge- Ewekoro, Ogun State Nigeria for Industrial Applications

This work aimed to study the aluminosilicate ore contents at Lafarge Ogun State environ as a means of identification of background variation of smectite in the ore-bodied environment. Smectite clay samples (bentonite) were collected from Larfarge Ewekoro environ, while zeolite used as a standard in this work was obtained from Petroleum Department of Covenant University for comparism purpose. The samples were digested with nitric acid, HNO3 and hydrochloric acid, HCl, after which the digested samples were characterized with, ultraviolet visible (UV-VIS), scanning, absorbance; and % transmittances. The results revealed similarity in ultraviolet visible for bentonite and zeolite with predominance of iron in bentonite samples. The colouration of bentonite due to the presence of transition metals in the environment under study could be of industrial uses in the manufacture of coloured wares and tiles, and magnetic ceramic, though further pre-application specific investigations are recommended. Also, the observed properties favour many aspects of industrial applications such as in pharmaceuticals, refractories, adhesives and porcelain wares. These will help in setting up small and medium-sized enterprise in this area resulting in employment creation and revenue generation