Protection level of AI H5N1 vaccine clade 2.1.3 commercial against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 virus from Ducks to SPF chicken in laboratory conditions

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 clade 2.3.2 has infected chickens in farms, causing mortality and a decrease in egg production. Vaccination is one of the strategies to control disease of AI subtype H5N1. AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 vaccine is available commercially. The effectiveness of two vaccines of AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 (product A and B), and AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 (Sukoharjo) against AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 (Sukoharjo) virus SPF chickens was tested in laboratory. Four groups of SPF chickens were used in this study, there were (1) vaccinated with H5N1 clade 2.1.3 (product A), (2) vaccinated with H5N1 clade 2.1.3 (product B), (3) vaccinated with AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 and (4) unvaccinated (as a control). Each vaccinated group consisted of 10 chicken except 8 chicken for control group. SPF chicken were vaccinated with 1 dose of vaccine at 3 weeks olds, and then after 3 weeks post vaccination (at 6 weeks olds). All group of chicken were challenged with 106 EID50 per 0.1 ml via intranasal. The results showed, chicken vaccinated with H5N1 clade 2.1.3 product A and B gave 100 and 80% protection respectively, but showed challenged virus shedding, whereas vaccine of H5N1 clade 2.3.2 gave 100% protection from mortality and without virus shedding. Vaccines of AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 product A was better than vaccine product B, and when chicken vaccinated against H5N1 clade 2.3.2, H5N1 clade 2.3.2 vaccine was the best to be used. In order to protect chicken from AI subtype H5N1 clade 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 in the field, a bivalent vaccine of H5N1 clade 2.1.3 and 2.3.2 subtypes should be developed

Patologi Komparatif Itik dan Ayam yang Diinfeksi Buatan dengan Virus HPAI H5N1-Clade 2.3.2

Wabah virus Avian Influenza yang sangat patogen H5N1 (HPAI) masih terdapat di Indonesia.Virus HPAI H5N1, clade 2.3.2 dilaporkan menyebabkan kematian pada itik dan ayam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan perubahan patologi yang diamati pada itik dan ayam yang diinfeksi HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2. Sembilan ekor ayam sehat dan sembilan itik secara eksperimental diinfeksi virus HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2. (A / bebek / Sukoharjo / BBVW-1428-9 / 2012). Tanda-tanda klinis dan mortalitas dicatat, sejumlah organ dikoleksi untuk diproses sebagai preparat histopatologi. Pewarnaan imunohistokimia dilakukan untuk mendeteksi distribusi antigen dalam jaringan yang terserang dan untuk mengetahui patogenesis penyakitnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik itik maupun ayam rentan terhadap infeksi HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2. yang ditunjukkan oleh kematian yang ditemukan pada unggas ini. Lesi patologis bervariasi derajat keparahannya dan ayam dan itik masing-masing mempunyai predileksi terhadap organ organ tertentu yang berkorelasi positif dengan level antigen yang dideteksi pada organ terkait. Secara histopatologis lesi yang berupa ensefalitis, sinusitis, trakheitis, pneumonia, dermatitis pada ayam derajat keparahannya lebih ringan daripada lesi serupa pada itik. Sedangkan konjungtivitis dan pankreatitis hanya ditemukan pada itik yang diinfeksi H5N1 clade 2.3. Itik mempunyai predileksi lebih besar terhadap organ nasal, orbital (mata), folikel bulu dan pankreas, sedangkan pada ayam predileksinya ada pada organ proventrikulus, hati, limpa, usus dan bursa fabrisius

Kualitas Sistem Informasi dan Kepuasan Pengguna Sistem Informasi Perguruan Tinggi Universitas Syiah Kuala

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of Information system quality; reliability, ease of use, flexibility, functionality, to user satisfaction. Responsees were collected from 392 user in three groups; lectures, operator system information and students of economics faculty universitas Syiah Kuala. The research hypotheeses were analyzed using multiple regresion.The result show reliability, flexibility, and functionality have strong influence on user satisfaction. While variable ease of use doesn't influence on user satisfaction

Studi Efikasi Vaksin Bivalen AI Isolat Lokal Terhadap Beberapa Karakter Genetik Virus AI Subtipe H5N1

Studi vaksin inaktif bivalen AI isolat lokal subtipe H5N1 terhadap beberapa karakter genetik virus AI H5N1 padaayam layer dan broiler. Vaksin inaktif bivalen dari isolat lokal AI A/Ck/West Java/Smi-M6/2008 and A/Ck/westjava/Pwt-D10-39/2010. Ayam layer dan broiler komersial divaksinasi dengan vaksin inaktif bivalen AI isolat lokal,setelah 3 minggu vaksinasi ditantang dengan virus AI A/Ck/West Java/Smi-Part/2006, A/Ck/West Java/Subang-JAPFA-29/2007 and A /Ck/West Java/Smi-Rahm2/2011. Ayam layer vaksinasi mendapat perlindungan dari morbiditas,mortalitas dan penurunan ekskresi virus tantang dengan tingkat proteksi 90-100% sedangkan ayam layerkontrol mati dalam waktu 2-3 hari, sementara broiler yang divaksinasi tidak mendapatkan perlindungan dari morbiditasdan mortalitas setelah terinfeksi virus AI tantang. Hasil studi memperlihatkan vaksin inaktif bivalen AI isolatlokal subtipe H5N1 mampu memberikan perlindungan pada ayam layer dari infeksi beberapa karakter genetikvirus AI subtipe H5N1

Program Product Knowledge Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penjualan (Studi Kasus Produk S-tee PT. Sinar Sosro Kantor Penjualan Wilayah Jawa Timur)

This research was aimed to describe about product knowledge in PT. Sinar Sosro KPW Jawa Timur to promote S-tee. The companies competes competitively in marketing their products. Companies compete in terms of price, product packaging, product promotion, and others. In offering products to consumers, competing companies have marketing strategies. This strategy can be successful if there is a program that is realized by the company. The program will serve to achieve the company\u27s goals. One of the marketing programs used to introduce the company\u27s product is product knowledge. This program is an important part that should be communicated by marketers in providing product information offered to their customers. In this research, product knowledge program can be influenced by public relations activities, advertising, and personal selling by salespeople. Product knowledge S-tee is implemented to increase sales that had decreased for the packaging of 318 ml glass bottles. This research use descirptive kualitative method. The sample collected by indepth interview with five key informan. They are Marketing Support Manager, Marketing Support Staff, Retail Bussiness Development (RBD) Staff, and Sales Representative

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Antibody in Chickens Using Local Isolate of PTS III

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for screening of antibody to avian infectiousbronchitis (IBV). Antigen was prepared from whole virus of infectious bronchitis local isolate PTS-III serotype.Optimum dilution with minimum background for antigen concentration, rabbit anti-chicken conjugate and sera indeveloped ELISA were determined 0.4μg/well, 1:2000 and 1:100, respectively. Correlation optical densities (OD)were compared with a standard commercial ELISA (R2=0.933). The developed ELISA has a better sensitivity to hemagglutinationinhibition (HI) test. The developed local isolate ELISA can be used to detect antibody against infectiousbronchitis virus and it is suitable for sample screening at the diagnostic laboratories

Analisis Pengaruh Eco-Label Terhadap Kesadaran Konsumen Untuk Membeli Green Product

. The society\u27s viewpoint has shifted along with the increasing concern for the environment, causing the rise of demand for the businessman to provide a concrete solution to deal with the current environmental problems through the development of green products. Eco-label, as a quality assurance of green products, has been a global trade-related issue for years. This research aims to determine the effect of eco-labels on consumers\u27 awareness to purchase green products by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM is a multivariate technique incorporating a network of relationship between measured variables and latent construct. The variables used in this research consist of eco-label awareness, attitude towards the environment, belief in buying environment-friendly, eco-label knowledge, eco-label availability, attention towards eco-label, and purchase intention. By using Structural Equation Modeling, some of key findings from the data analysis are highlighted: belief in environment-friendly buying, eco-label knowledge, and attention towards eco-label show a direct influence on purchase intention, while eco-label awareness and eco-label availability only show the indirect effect on purchase intention