Enhanced Soil Chemical Properties and Rice Yield in Acid Sulphate Soil by Application of Rice Straw

Swampland development such as acid sulphate soil for agricultural cultivation has various problem, including high soil acidity, fluctuated and unpredictable water flooding and the presence of toxic elements such as Fe which resulting in low crop yields. The research was conducted at the experimental station Belandean, Barito Kuala regency in dry season 2007.  The objective of research was to study the effect of rice straw on the dynamic of soil pH, the concentration of iron and sulphate and yield on tidal land acid sulphate soil at two different water inlet channel. This research was designed in RCBD (Randomized Completely Block Design) with five treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 Mg ha-1) and four replications. Dolomite as much as 1 Mg ha-1 was also applied.  This research was divided into two sub-units experiment i.e. two conditions of different water inlet channel. The first water channels were placed with limestone and the second inlet was planted with Eleocharis dulcis.  The results showed that (i) rice straw application did not affect the dynamic of soil pH, concentration of iron and sulphate, and (ii) the highest yield was obtained with 7.5 Mg ha-1 of rice straw

Efisiensi Energi dan Produksi pada Usahatani Padi di Lahan Sulfat Masam Potensial

Lahan rawa pasang surut merupakan lahan alternatif yang potensial untuk mengatasi kekurangan pangan akibat menciutnya lahan subur yang telah beralih fungsi ke penggunaan non pertanian sehingga petani pun semakin tidak menentu dalam mencari pekerjaan. Umumnya dalam USAha pertanian, tenaga kerja petani digunakan mulai dari persiapan lahan hingga kegiatan pascapanen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Belandean, Kabupaten Barito Kuala, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan pada bulan April hingga September 2009. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi sebaran dan konsumsi energi dalam mengelola USAhatani di lahan sulfat masam potensial dengan teknologi introduksi pada musim kemarau. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan penanaman padi unggul dengan teknologi introduksi dan teknologi petani. Analisis konsumsi energi dan biaya USAhatani dilakukan untuk semua tahapan proses produksi dengan basis satuan luas (ha). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa budidaya padi di sawah pasang surut lahan sulfat masam potensial secara keseluruhan menggunakan energi fisik (tenaga manusia) tanpa mesin traktor dan perontok sebanyak 253,116,80-195.170,55 k.kal ha-1. Kebutuhan energi total untuk mengelola lahan sulfat masam seluas satu hektar dengan teknologi introduksi sebesar 274.858,90 k.kal ha-1, 1,41 kali lebih besar daripada teknologi petani. Biaya tenaga kerja dengan teknologi introduksi sebesar 56,92 % dari total biaya produksi. Dengan masukan biaya dari energi fisik dan kimia dalam proses produksi, output energi yang dihasilkan sebesar 20.799.900 k.kal ha-1 dan output biaya sebesar Rp.14.325.000 atau kenaikan 48,15%. Berdasarkan masukan energi dan output energi diperoleh efisiensi produksi 9,02% (introduksi) dan 9,73% (petani). Dengan masuknya teknologi introduksi pada sistim USAhatani di lahan sulfat masam potensial input energi meningkat 1,54 kali dan produksi 1,15 kali. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian sarana produksi (berupa bahan kimia) semakin tinggi dan dengan pemanfaatan purun tikus (eleocharis dulcis) dan amelioran serta aliran air satu arah input energi dengan teknologi produksi meningkat 54,31%

The Use of Biochar for Improve Soil Properties and Growth of Paddy in Peatland

The main constraint in the management of peatlands include: high soil acidity, very low of nutrient availability especially NPK. The study aimed to determine the role of biochar to improve soil properties and paddy growth in peatlands. The study conducted in Landasan Ulin rural, Gambut district, Banjar regency, South Kalimantan. The study was conducted from June to October 2012. Research arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications. The treatment given was a combination of the type and dose of ameliorant i.e. the 3 types of ameliorant: F1 (50% purun tikus grass + 50% agricultural weed), F2 (16.7% chicken manure + biochar 83.3%), F3 (9% chicken manure + 91% purun tikus grass), with a dose of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 t ha-1 and control. The results showed that treatment of biochar could to increase soil pH, total N, and exchangable P (Bray I) though not significant, and significant in increasing the exchangable K compared to controls. On the growth of rice plants giving biochar can increase plant height, number of tillers and number of panicles compared to controls

Efisiensi Energi dan Produksi pada Usahatani Padi di Lahan Sulfat Masam Potensial

Tidal swamp land is a potential land to overcome in the future national food security as a result of land conversion.  Generally, in farming system, farmer labor in used from land preparation till postharvest.  Experiment was conducted at experimental station of Belandean, Barito Kuala regency, South Kalimantan in April until September 2009.  The object of experiment was to evaluate distribution and consumption of energy for managing farming system on acid sulphate soil potential with introduction technology at dry season.  Energy consumption was analyzed on all steps of production process.  Result of analysis showed that rice cultivation on potential acid sulphate soil utilized physical energy (man power) without tractor and power thresher as 253,116.80-195,170.55 k.cal ha-1.  Total energy for managing one hectare of that area was 274.858,90 k.cal ha-1 with introduction technology or 1.41 times more than by farmer technology.  Comparing with total of cost production, cost of man power with introduction technology was 56,92 %.  In production process, by applying input of physical and chemical cost, produced  energy output as 20,799,900 k.cal ha-1 and Rp 14,325,000 of cost output or increased as 48.15 %.  Based those input and output of energy was obtained production efficiency as 9,02% and 9,73 % for introduction and farmer technology. On farming system in potensial tidal swamp the energy input and production increased 1.54 and 1.15 times by addition introduction technology.  Result of evaluation showed that utilization production capital becoming more increase utilization of purun tikus (eleocharis dulcis), ameliorant and one way flow, production technology input increased as 54.31%.ABSTRAKLahan rawa pasang surut merupakan lahan alternatif yang potensial untuk mengatasi kekurangan pangan akibat menciutnya lahan subur yang telah beralih fungsi ke penggunaan non pertanian sehingga petani pun semakin tidak menentu dalam mencari pekerjaan. Umumnya dalam usaha pertanian, tenaga kerja petani digunakan mulai dari persiapan lahan hingga kegiatan pascapanen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Belandean, Kabupaten Barito Kuala, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan pada bulan April hingga September 2009. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi sebaran dan konsumsi energi dalam mengelola usahatani di lahan sulfat masam potensial dengan teknologi introduksi pada musim kemarau. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan penanaman padi unggul dengan teknologi introduksi dan teknologi petani.  Analisis konsumsi energi dan biaya usahatani dilakukan untuk semua tahapan proses produksi dengan basis satuan luas (ha). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa budidaya padi di sawah pasang surut lahan sulfat masam potensial secara keseluruhan menggunakan energi fisik (tenaga manusia) tanpa mesin traktor dan perontok sebanyak 253,116,80-195.170,55 k.kal ha-1. Kebutuhan energi total untuk mengelola lahan sulfat masam seluas satu hektar dengan teknologi introduksi sebesar 274.858,90 k.kal ha-1, 1,41 kali lebih besar daripada teknologi petani. Biaya tenaga kerja dengan teknologi introduksi sebesar 56,92 % dari total biaya produksi. Dengan masukan biaya dari energi fisik dan kimia dalam proses produksi, output energi yang dihasilkan sebesar 20.799.900 k.kal ha-1 dan output biaya sebesar Rp.14.325.000 atau kenaikan 48,15%. Berdasarkan masukan energi dan output energi diperoleh efisiensi produksi 9,02% (introduksi) dan 9,73% (petani). Dengan masuknya teknologi introduksi pada sistim usahatani di lahan sulfat masam potensial input energi meningkat 1,54 kali   dan produksi 1,15 kali. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian sarana produksi (berupa bahan kimia) semakin tinggi dan dengan pemanfaatan purun tikus (eleocharis dulcis) dan amelioran serta aliran air satu arah input energi dengan teknologi produksi meningkat 54,31%

Enhanced Soil Chemical Properties and Rice Yield in Acid Sulphate Soil by Application of Rice Straw

Swampland development such as acid sulphate soil for agricultural cultivation has various problem, including high soil acidity, fluctuated and unpredictable water flooding and the presence of toxic elements such as Fe which resulting in low crop yields. The research was conducted at the experimental station Belandean, Barito Kuala regency in dry season 2007.  The objective of research was to study the effect of rice straw on the dynamic of soil pH, the concentration of iron and sulphate and yield on tidal land acid sulphate soil at two different water inlet channel. This research was designed in RCBD (Randomized Completely Block Design) with five treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 Mg ha-1) and four replications. Dolomite as much as 1 Mg ha-1 was also applied.  This research was divided into two sub-units experiment i.e. two conditions of different water inlet channel. The first water channels were placed with limestone and the second inlet was planted with Eleocharis dulcis.  The results showed that (i) rice straw application did not affect the dynamic of soil pH, concentration of iron and sulphate, and (ii) the highest yield was obtained with 7.5 Mg ha-1 of rice straw.Keywords: Acid sulphate soil, rice straw, rice yield, soil chemical properties[How to Cite: Nurzakiah S, Nurita and L Indrayati. 2012. Enhanced Soil Chemical Properties and Rice Yield in Acid Sulphate Soil by Application of Rice Straw. J Trop Soils 17 (1) : 31-36. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.31] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.31

TEKNOLOGI PENURUNAN KADAR Fe AIR SAWAH PASANG SURUT MELALUI PENGGUNAAN BIOFILTER PURUN TIKUS (Eleocharis dulcis)

Water management in acid sulfate soil can increase the productivity of land and crops, but the element of poison leaching into drainage channels gives negative impact on the environment. One approach to improve water quality is to filter or absorb the poison element. Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) can act as a biofilter to improve water quality. The purpose of this study is to get biofilter technology (purun tikus) to reduce the levels of Fe, SO4 and increase the pH of the water. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. Treatment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications.The first factor was the density of the biofilter ,consisted of: 1) 25%, 2) 50%, and 3) 100%, The second factor was the length of contact of water with biofilter that consisted of: 1). 12 hours, 2) 24 hours, and 3) 36 hours. The results showed that the density of purun tikus 50% in greenhouse experiments can decreased the concentration of Fe at 76.5%

THE USE OF BIOCHAR FOR IMPROVE SOIL PROPERTIES AND GROWTH OF PADDY IN PEATLAND

The main constraint in the management of peatlands include: high soil acidity, very low of nutrient availability especially NPK. The study aimed to determine the role of biochar to improve soil properties and paddy growth in peatlands. The study conducted in Landasan Ulin rural, Gambut district, Banjar regency, South Kalimantan. The study was conducted from June to October 2012. Research arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications. The treatment given was a combination of the type and dose of ameliorant i.e. the 3 types of ameliorant: F1 (50% purun tikus grass + 50% agricultural weed), F2 (16.7% chicken manure + biochar 83.3%), F3 (9% chicken manure + 91% purun tikus grass), with a dose of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 t ha-1 and control. The results showed that treatment of biochar could to increase soil pH, total N, and exchangable P (Bray I) though not significant, and significant in increasing the exchangable K compared to controls. On the growth of rice plants giving biochar can increase plant height, number of tillers and number of panicles compared to controls

Teknologi Penurunan Kadar Fe Air Sawah Pasang Surut Melalui Penggunaan Biofilter Purun Tikus (Eleocharis Dulcis) [Fe Levels Decline Technology of Water Tidal Rice Field by Using Purun Tikus (Eleocharis Dulcis) Biofilter ]

Water management in acid sulfate soil can increase the productivity of land and crops, but the element of poison leaching into drainage channels gives negative impact on the environment. One approach to improve water quality is to filter or absorb the poison element. Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) can act as a biofilter to improve water quality. The purpose of this study is to get biofilter technology (purun tikus) to reduce the levels of Fe, SO4 and increase the pH of the water. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse of Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. Treatment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications.The first factor was the density of the biofilter ,consisted of: 1) 25%, 2) 50%, and 3) 100%, The second factor was the length of contact of water with biofilter that consisted of: 1). 12 hours, 2) 24 hours, and 3) 36 hours. The results showed that the density of purun tikus 50% in greenhouse experiments can decreased the concentration of Fe at 76.5%