Ionic Liquids as Environmental Benign Solvents for Cellulose Chemistry: A Review

The application of cellulose and its derivatives is restricted because of their limited solubility in water and many organic solvents. Recently, several attempts are being made to dissolve them in inorganic and organic solvents. The solubility of these polymeric materials mainly depends upon their molecular weight, pH, and source of origin. Nowadays, there has been a new breakthrough of applying ionic liquids (ILs; designer solvents) in the field of cellulose solvent chemistry. Association of ionic liquids with several salient features such as high thermal, chemical and low vapor pressure, and so on makes them ideal environmentally green solvents to be used for cellulose. The present chapter deals with a collection of some major works in which ionic liquids have been used as solvents for cellulose dissolution. The articles also describe the works illustrating the use of ionic liquids as cosolvents (organic aprotic solvents) for the better increase of the solvent activity (solubility)

Excess/deviation properties of binary mixtures of 2,5-dimethylfuran with furfuryl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, 1-butanol and 2-butanol at temperature range of (293.15–323.15) K

International audienc

Visualization, formulation and intuitive explanation of iterative methods for transient analysis of series RLC circuit

The time varying currents and voltages resulting from the sudden application of sources usually due to switching are transients. An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor, connected in series or in parallel. The transient response is dependent on the value of the different characteristics of damping factor (i.e., over damped, critically damped and under damped). We have computed the numerical solutions of second order differential equation with initial value problem (IVP) by using Explicit (Forward) Euler method, Third order Runge-Kutta (RK3) methods and Butchers fifth order Runge-Kutta (BRK5). The observation compares this numerical solution of ODEs obtained by above-mentioned methods among them with necessary visualization and analysis of the error. These iterative methods will be extended and implement to analyze the transient analysis of an RLC circuit.  We have examined the superiority of those methods over one another. The Butchers fifth order Runge-Kutta (BRK5) method is found to be the best numerical technique to solve the transient analysis due to its high accuracy of approximations. Moreover, we consider the possibility of discussion and analyze above mentioned iterative methods in the cases of different characteristics of damping factor. BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 9-17

Visualization, formulation and intuitive explanation of iterative methods for transient analysis of series RLC circuit

The time varying currents and voltages resulting from the sudden application of sources usually due to switching are transients. An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor, connected in series or in parallel. The transient response is dependent on the value of the different characteristics of damping factor (i.e., over damped, critically damped and under damped). We have computed the numerical solutions of second order differential equation with initial value problem (IVP) by using Explicit (Forward) Euler method, Third order Runge-Kutta (RK3) methods and Butchers fifth order Runge-Kutta (BRK5). The observation compares this numerical solution of ODEs obtained by above-mentioned methods among them with necessary visualization and analysis of the error. These iterative methods will be extended and implement to analyze the transient analysis of an RLC circuit.  We have examined the superiority of those methods over one another. The Butchers fifth order Runge-Kutta (BRK5) method is found to be the best numerical technique to solve the transient analysis due to its high accuracy of approximations. Moreover, we consider the possibility of discussion and analyze above mentioned iterative methods in the cases of different characteristics of damping factor. BIBECHANA 18 (2) (2021) 9-17

Density, speed of sound and refractive index of mixtures containing 2-phenoxyethanol with propanol or butanol at various temperatures

In this work, we reported the new experimental data of densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indices for four binary mixtures: {2-phenoxyethanol (2PhEE) + 1-propanol or 2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol) over the entire composition range and at temperatures of (293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15) K and at pressure p = 0.1 MPa. From these experimental data, thermodynamics properties: excess molar volume, isentropic compressibility, deviation in isentropic compressibility and deviation in refractive indices were calculated. Excess molar volume, deviation in isentropic compressibility and deviation in refractive indices data have been correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation. From the obtained results, a discussion was carried out in terms of nature of intermolecular interactions and structure factors in these binary mixtures

Impact of Digital Marketing on Organizational Performance

The primary goal of this research is to investigate the influence of digital marketing on the organizational performance of the Pashmina industry in Nepal, specifically regarding customer satisfaction and revenue generation. Method - The investigator employs descriptive and quantitative analysis methodologies. The study involved administering a well-structured questionnaire to a random sample of pashmina industries in Nepal. The questionnaire was designed to collect data on the impact of digital marketing on organizational performance. It comprised five sub-dimensions: Email Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Website Marketing, Other Means of Digital Marketing, Organizational Performance, and Suitable Channels regarding Customer Satisfaction and Revenue Generation. The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions that systematically varied the study variables. The chosen sample size comprises 58 employees from various departments. The study's findings indicate that digital marketing, in all its forms, significantly impacts Pashmina Industries' performance as the primary dimension. Result - The primary finding indicates a significant favorable influence on the performance of all pashmina industries in Nepal. This suggests that the utilization of digital marketing has had a highly favorable impact on the performance of these industries. Conclusion -The main finding indicates that digital marketing, in all its manifestations, impacts the performance of the pashmina industry and enhances the outcomes of digital marketing efforts. Additionally, it has been revealed that the utilization of more advanced tools can have a substantial impact on the overall performance of the organization

(II) Role Of Thiosemicarbasone In A Case Of Leprosy Intolerant To D.D.S. Therapy

N

Thiazolidinones: Potential Human Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Protease Inhibitors Against COVID-19

COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading infectious disease caused by a novel beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. During the 1980\u27s coronavirus, genomic RNA was transcribed into a set of subgenomic mRNAs that encode viral proteins containing a leader sequence derived from the 5\u27 end of the genome. The subgenomic mRNAs are transcribed from negative-strand RNAs, synthesized for the full-length genomic RNA - a unique mechanism, presumed to occur by a process involving viral polymerase jumping from one part of the genome template to another, leading to high rate of recombination for coronaviruses, playing role in viral interspecies infections. The sequence of SARS-CoV-2 confined that spike protein has furin cleavage site in the S1/S2 junction different from SARS-CoV and other closely related viruses. This has proved the possibility of Protease inhibitors as antivirals has led to the speculation about virulence and pathogenesis, and it is also possible that this new furin site may serve as a marker to identify a possible precursor virus. This novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a large number of fatalities and incapacitated human health system. No treatment is available, and a vaccine will not be available for several months. Hence, the protease of coronavirus is a promising target for antiviral drug discovery. We herein report a new generation of thiazolidinone derivatives, inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus protease that incorporated thiazolidinone heterocycles as N-terminal capping groups of the peptide moiety. The compounds were extensively characterized with respect to inhibition of various proteases, inhibition mechanism, membrane permeability, antiviral activity. Our research group has recently designed a one-pot three-component reaction and its mechanism was studied through DFT. Further, a library of the molecules based on the products is designed. These novel molecules were screened through ADMET and molecular docking to find out the potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 protease, as they may have competitive inhibition mechanisms, in correlation with their membrane permeability, a more pronounced antiviral activity