Prevalence and risk factors of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in children of Manusak Village, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesi

ABSTRACT Worm infection is one of the health problems in all tropical countries, including Indonesia. The most frequent helminthiasis is the infection caused by the Soil-Transmitted Helminth. Primary school-age children are an age group that is susceptible to helminthiasis. Worm infections can cause a serious impact if left untreated with no clean and healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of STH in children of Manusak Village, East Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, followed by the characterization of subjects. The analytic observational design with the cross-sectional study was applied to this research. Research subjects were 130 children aged 6-12 years old. The infection was diagnosed microscopically by the Katokatz method. Ascaris lumbricoides were the only species found infecting a total of 50 children (38.4%.). The distribution of ascariasis was higher in girls (30 or 23.08%) than in boys (20 or 15.38%), in children whose parents have no formal education (41 or 31.54%), and who their professions are a farmer. Poor hygiene and sanitation such as no washing hands with soap (27 or 20.77%) as well as the habit of not wearing footwear (47 or 36.2%) and bowel habit on the open areas (35 or 26.92%) are the risks factors causing the high incidence of A. lumbricoides in the studied area. Enlightenment to the parents regarding good personal and environmental hygiene and sanitation along with chemotherapy from the government and related agencies is needed to achieve a durable reduction of the burden of ascariasis and other STH infection

Ko-infeksi asimptomatik helminthiasis pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di Surabaya kota: studi pendahuluan

BACKGROUNDPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and East Java province is the second largest contributor of co-infection in Indonesia. Asymptomatic helminth infection among pulmonary tuberculosis patients causes another public health problem. Few data relate to helminth infection based on clinical and immunological outcomes of pulmonary TB in highly endemic areas. METHODSThis study was designed as a preliminary study and aimed to determine helminth co-infection among TB patients with a macroscopic assessment. This cross-sectional study was conducted in June-August 2017. RESULTSAmong 16 treated active TB patients from TB cohort data of Tanakali Kedinding health center found that 56% were stool smear-positive for Trichuris trichiura eggs, but had no clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONWhether or not the helminth infection may have an impact on the diagnosis and treatment of active TB remains to be further investigated. Co-infection could be inhibited by the host immune response and improve the prognosis of TB treatment.LATAR BELAKANGPenyakit tuberculosis paru (TB) hingga saat ini masih menjadi penyebab utama tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas, dan propinsi Jawa Timur termasuk penyumbang penderita kedua terbanyak di Indonesia. Hanya sedikit data informasi diketahui terkait infeksi kecacingan yang terjadi pada penderita TB baik secara klinis dan imunologi pada daerah endemis. METODEStudi ini di desain sebagai studi awal dan bertujuan untuk menilai ko-infeksi kecacingan diantara penderita TB. Studi potong-lintang ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2017.HASILEnam belas penderita aktif TB berdasarkan data kohort tuberkulosis Puskesmas Tanakali Kedinding, didapatkan 56%-nya positif kecacingan dengan ditemukannya telur Trichuris trichiura.KESIMPULANWalaupun efek dari infeksi kecacingan tidak berdampak terhadap diagnosis dan pengobatan tuberkulosis, akan tetapi sebaiknya penderita yang terdeteksi sebagai tuberkulosis aktif, dilakukan skrining kecacingan terlebih dahulu. Ko-infeksi dapat dihampat oleh respon imun penderita dan meningkatkan prognosis pengobatan tuberkulosis.&nbsp

Peran Diagnosis Cepat Malaria Dan Defisiensi G6PD ON-SITE Dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Malaria Di Indonesia Melalui Pengobatan Cepat Dan Tepat

Salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat dunia yang masih memerlukan perhatian khusus terutama di negara tropis seperti Indonesia adalah Malaria. Selain karena insidensinya yang masih tetap tinggi dari tahun ke tahun, juga menyebabkan kesakitan dan kematian yang utama, terutama pada kelompok resiko tinggi yaitu bayi, anak balita, dan ibu hamil. Selain itu malaria berdampak langsung terhadap penurunan produktivitas kerja dan merupakan hambatan serius bagi kemajuan ekonomi di banyak negara berkembang. Usaha usaha untuk mengatasi penyakit malaria telah lama dilaksanakan namun hingga saat ini masih belum memberikan hasil yang berarti. Berdasarkan data dari Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) tahun 2010 terdapat sekitar 219 juta kasus infeksi malaria di seluruh dunia. Diperkirakan sekitar 700.000 hingga 2,7 juta kematian terjadi setiap tahun di seluruh dunia, terutama pada anak-anak di negara Afrika. Walaupun sejak tahun 1950 malaria telah berhasil dibasmi pada hampir seluruh benua Eropa, Amerika Tengah dan Selatan, tetapi di beberapa bagian benua Afrika dan Asia Tenggara, penyakit ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang besar. Sekitar seratus juta kasus penyakit malaria terjadi setiap tahunnya, satu persen diantaranya berakibat fatal

The Significance of CD4 to the Number of Grown Candida Colonies in Oral Candidiasis Patients with HIV / AIDS

Basic data of this study showing isolates mostly taken from male than female (77.5% and 22.5%). The most age group is productive age groups in the age range of 26-35 years with 20 subjects (50%). In 2017 report of the Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, found HIV/AIDS patients more male than women, and related more common in young adult which makes it more likely to engage in unsafe sexual behavior that is at risk of HIV transmission (8). The domicile of HIV / AIDS patients with OC mostly came from Surabaya (90%). This is because most patients have to seek help from the nearest health center with most patients from within the city. The isolates most were taken from HIV / AIDS patients with OC who had an absolute CD4 count <100 cells / L for 28 patients (70%). This data is supported by a 2015 Indian study by Kumar that showed 71.4% of patients with a CD4 cell count <200 cells / µL obtained by the fungus growth of Candida species from OC lesions (9)

In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Ethanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Alectryon serratus Leaves on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

Malaria was a major global public health concern due to the development of resistance by the most lethal causative species, Plasmodium falciparum. Natural products were potential sources of new antimalarial drugs (Bero, 2011; Nogueira, 2011). In vitro antimalarial activity screening of several Indonesian plants using HRP2 method showed that ethanol extract and ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Alectryon serratus were active as an antimalarial (Widyawaruyanti, 2014). The aim of this study is to identify Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profile and investigate in vivo antimalarial activity of extract and fraction of Alectryon serratus leaves

Extremely low Helicobacter pylori prevalence in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and identification of a Maori-tribe type strain: A cross sectional study

Background: Sulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from Sundaland. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in this region are rare due to the region's rural location and lack of endoscopy equipment. Indirect methods are, therefore, the most appropriate for measuring H. pylori infection in these areas; with the disposable gastric brush test, we can obtain gastric juice as well as small gastric tissue samples for H. pylori culture. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori infection and evaluated human migration patterns in the remote areas of North Sulawesi. Methods. We recruited a total of 251 consecutive adult volunteers and 131 elementary school children. H. pylori infection was determined by urine antibody test. A gastric brush test was used to culture H. pylori. We used next-generation and polymerase chain reaction based sequencing to determine virulence factors and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The overall H. pylori prevalence was only 14.3 for adults and 3.8 for children, and 13.6 and 16.7 in Minahasanese and Mongondownese participants, respectively. We isolated a single H. pylori strain, termed -Manado-1. Manado-1 was East Asian type cagA (ABD type), vacA s1c-m1b, iceA1 positive/iceA2 negative, jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3) galT-negative, oipA "on", and dupA-negative. Phylogenetic analyses showed the strain to be hspMaori type, a major type observed in native Taiwanese and Maori tribes. Conclusions: Our data support that very low H. pylori infection prevalence in Indonesia. Identification of hspMaori type H. pylori in North Sulawesi may support the hypothesis that North Sulawesi people migrated from north. © 2014 Miftahussurur et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Association between etiologic species with CD4 count and clinical features of oral candidiasis among HIV/AIDS patients

Background Oral candidiasis (OC) is an oral mucosal disorder due to Candida genus. Its predisposing factor among patients with HIV/AIDS is mainly decreasing CD4 count. OC is commonly caused by Candida albicans. As CD4 decreases, the shift to C. non-albicans has been observed. Objective To evaluate the association of Candida species with CD4 count and clinical features in HIV/AIDS patients with OC. Patients and methods This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 114 oral rinse solution samples from HIV/AIDS patients with OC were collected. Candida species identification was done by culture in Chromagar followed by VITEK 2. The association of Candida species with CD4 count and clinical features was analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results There was growth of 149 isolates in culture from 114 patients. C. albicans was found in 104 (69.7%) isolates. Candida non-albicans were found in 45 (30.3%) isolates, namely Candida krusei in 22 (14.85%), Candida glabrata in 12 (8.1%), Candida tropicalis in six (4.05%), Candida dubliniensis in two (1.3%), Candida parapsilosis in two (1.3%), and Candida lipolytica in one (0.7%) isolate. Candida species was significantly associated with clinical types, episode types, pain on swallowing, CD4 count, and antiretroviral (ARV) use among all patients. Conclusion Among HIV/AIDS patients with OC, growth of C. albicans only was more common in higher CD4 count, while mixed growth of C. albicans and C. non-albicans was more common in lower CD4 count. Clinical features associated with growth of C. albicans only were pseudomembranous type, recurrent OC, absence of pain on swallowing, and patients on ARV, whereas those associated with mixed growth of C. albicans and C. non-albicans were cheilitis type, first-episode OC, presence of pain on swallowing, and ARV-naive patients

Prevalence and risk factors of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in children of Manusak Village, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Worm infection is one of the health problems in all tropical countries, including Indonesia. The most frequent helminthiasis is the infection caused by the Soil-Transmitted Helminth. Primary school-age children are an age group that is susceptible to helminthiasis. Worm infections can cause a serious impact if left untreated with no clean and healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of STH in children of Manusak Village, East Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, followed by the characterization of subjects. The analytic observational design with the cross-sectional study was applied to this research. Research subjects were 130 children aged 6-12 years old. The infection was diagnosed microscopically by the Katokatz method. Ascaris lumbricoides were the only species found infecting a total of 50 children (38.4%.). The distribution of ascariasis was higher in girls (30 or 23.08%) than in boys (20 or 15.38%), in children whose parents have no formal education (41 or 31.54%), and who their professions are a farmer. Poor hygiene and sanitation such as no washing hands with soap (27 or 20.77%) as well as the habit of not wearing footwear (47 or 36.2%) and bowel habit on the open areas (35 or 26.92%)  are the risks factors causing the high incidence of A. lumbricoides in the studied area. Enlightenment to the parents regarding good personal and environmental hygiene and sanitation along with chemotherapy from the government and related agencies is needed to achieve a durable reduction of the burden of ascariasis and other STH infection. Keywords                   : Soil Transmitted Helminth, Ascaris lumbricoides, children,                                      Kupang DistrictCorrespondence        : [email protected]

Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Kloroform Dan Fraksi Positif Alkaloid Daun Cassia Siamea Terhadap Plasmodium Berghei Secara In Vivo

One of the effort to fight malaria is looking for new ~'antimalarial drugs. Whichcould be started by looking for plants that are traditionally used as antimalarial herbs and is one of the herbs used in Indonesia as antimalarial drug, This rese.'lrch was done to know the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract. chloroform fraction and alkaloid total fraction of leaves against Plaslllodilllllbt!rght!i on mouse The result of in vivo antimalarial activity of (', siamea leaves against p, be,.g/uti on mOllse are : the ethanol extract, the chloroform fraction and alkaloid total fraction of leaves were found to have an ED 5u == 34,69 mgIKg BB, 19,59 mglkgBB and 0,47 mg Ikg BB respectivel

Prevalence and risk factors of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in children of Manusak Village, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesi

Abstract Worm infection is one of the health problems in all tropical countries, including Indonesia. The most frequent helminthiasis is the infection caused by the Soil-Transmitted Helminth. Primary school-age children are an age group that is susceptible to helminthiasis. Worm infections can cause a serious impact if left untreated with no clean and healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of STH in children of Manusak Village, East Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, followed by the characterization of subjects. The analytic observational design with the cross-sectional study was applied to this research. Research subjects were 130 children aged 6-12 years old. The infection was diagnosed microscopically by the Katokatz method. Ascaris lumbricoides were the only species found infecting a total of 50 children (38.4%.). The distribution of ascariasis was higher in girls (30 or 23.08%) than in boys (20 or 15.38%), in children whose parents have no formal education (41 or 31.54%), and who their professions are a farmer. Poor hygiene and sanitation such as no washing hands with soap (27 or 20.77%) as well as the habit of not wearing footwear (47 or 36.2%) and bowel habit on the open areas (35 or 26.92%) are the risks factors causing the high incidence of A. lumbricoides in the studied area. Enlightenment to the parents regarding good personal and environmental hygiene and sanitation along with chemotherapy from the government and related agencies is needed to achieve a durable reduction of the burden of ascariasis and other STH infection. Keywords : Soil Transmitted Helminth, Ascaris lumbricoides, children, Kupang District Correspondence : [email protected]