79 research outputs found
Research priorities for grassland science: the need of long term integrated experiments networks
Long-term changes in habitat and trophic level of Southern Ocean squid in relation to environmental conditions
Long-term studies of pelagic nekton in the Southern Ocean and their responses to ongoing environmental change are rare. Using stable isotope ratios measured in squid beaks recovered from diet samples of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans, we assessed decadal variation (from 1976 to 2016) in the habitat (δ13C) and trophic level (δ15N) of five important Southern Ocean squid species in relation to indices of environmental conditions—Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Based on δ13C values, corrected for the Suess effect, habitat had changed over the last 50 years for Taonius sp. B (Voss), Gonatus antarcticus, Galiteuthis glacialis and Histioteuthis atlantica but not Moroteuthopsis longimana. By comparison, mean δ15N values were similar across decades for all five species, suggesting minimal changes in trophic levels. Both SAM and SOI have increased in strength and frequency over the study period but, of the five species, only in Taonius sp. B (Voss) did these indices correlate with, δ13C and δ15N values, indicating direct relationships between environmental conditions, habitat and trophic level. The five cephalopod species therefore changed their habitats with changing environmental conditions over the last 50 years but maintained similar trophic levels. Hence, cephalopods are likely to remain important prey for top predators in Southern Ocean food webs, despite ongoing climate change
Differential item functioning (DIF) of SF-12 and Q-LES-Q-SF items among french substance users
Práticas educativas parentais: a percepção de adolescentes com e sem dependência química
Tratamientos Psicológicos Empíricamente Apoyados Para Adultos: Una Revisión Selectiva [Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review]
Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su efi cacia,
efectividad y efi ciencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no
obstante, considerando el conocimiento científi co generado en los últimos
años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles
son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El objetivo fue
realizar una revisión selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicológicos
empíricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas
adultas. Método: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación
en función de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud
de España (en las Guías de Práctica Clínica) para diferentes trastornos
psicológicos. Resultados: los resultados sugieren que los tratamientos
psicológicos disponen de apoyo empírico para el abordaje de un amplio
elenco de trastornos psicológicos. El grado de apoyo empírico oscila de bajo
a alto en función del trastorno psicológico analizado. La revisión sugiere
que ciertos campos de intervención necesitan una mayor investigación.
Conclusiones: a partir de esta revisión selectiva, los profesionales de la
psicología podrán disponer de información rigurosa y actualizada que les
permita tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellos
procedimientos psicoterapéuticos empíricamente fundamentados en
función de las características de las personas que demandan ayuda.
// Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review. Background: Psychological treatments have shown their effi cacy,
effectiveness, and effi ciency in dealing with mental disorders. However,
considering the scientifi c knowledge generated in recent years, in the
Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective
review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for
mental disorders in adults. Method: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different
psychological disorders. Results: The results indicate that psychological
treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of
psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed.
The review indicates the existence of certain fi elds of intervention that
need further investigation. Conclusions: Based on this selective review,
psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing
empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help
Carbon accounting and standard setters
Carbon accounting and standard setters: the state of the ar
Biodiversity effects on ecosystem function: emerging issues and their experimental test in aquatic communities
Recent experiments, mainly in terrestrial environments, have provided evidence of the functional importance of biodiversity to ecosystem processes and properties. Compared to terrestrial systems, aquatic ecosystems are characterised by greater propagule and material exchange, often steeper physical and chemical gradients, more rapid biological processes and, in marine systems, higher metazoan phylogenetic diversity. These characteristics limit the potential to transfer conclusions derived from terrestrial experiments to aquatic ecosystems whilst at the same time provide opportunities for testing the general validity of hypotheses about effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. Here, we focus on a number of unique features of aquatic experimental systems, propose an expansion to the scope of diversity facets to be considered when assessing the functional consequences of changes in biodiversity and outline a hierarchical classification scheme of ecosystem functions and their corresponding response variables. We then briefly highlight some recent controversial and newly emerging issues relating to biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Based on lessons learnt from previous experimental and theoretical work, we finally present four novel experimental designs to address largely unresolved questions about biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. These include (1) investigating the effects of non-random species loss through the manipulation of the order and magnitude of such loss using dilution experiments; (2) combining factorial manipulation of diversity in interconnected habitat patches to test the additivity of ecosystem functioning between habitats; (3) disentangling the impact of local processes from the effect of ecosystem openness via factorial manipulation of the rate of recruitment and biodiversity within patches and within an available propagule pool; and (4) addressing how non-random species extinction following sequential exposure to different stressors may affect ecosystem functioning. Implementing these kinds of experimental designs in a variety of systems will, we believe, shift the focus of investigations from a species richness-centred approach to a broader consideration of the multifarious aspects of biodiversity that may well be critical to understanding effects of biodiversity changes on overall ecosystem functioning and to identifying some of the potential underlying mechanisms involved
Modelling population reinforcement at a large spatial scale as a conservation strategy for the declining little bustard (Tetrax tetrax) in agricultural habitats
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