ナンキョク チイキ ニ オケル ソクチ カンソク ニ ツイテ

第4次観測に於ては,天測点1点,基線5本を含む合計12点の基準点を設置した.その内訳は西オングル島内に4点,東オングル島に1点,ネスオイヤ島に1点,昭和基地西南方大陸上に3点,パッダ島内に3点(うち一点は天測点)で,基線は東オングル島より,西オングル島に向って1本,大陸に向って3本,合計4点を設置した

Antral Somatostatin Contents and Acidity of Gastric Juice in Normal Subjects and Patients with Duodenal Ulcer

The antral somatostatin contents were investigated in biopsy specimens of the antrum from normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. There was good correlation (r=0.77044) between antral somatostatin contents and maximal acidity in normal subjects, but the correlation between antral somatostatin contents and maximal acid output was not significant (r=0.254367). This result may indicate that antral somatostatin content is regulated by intragastric pH in normal subjects. On the other hands, no correlation was observed between antral somatostatin contents and acidity or acid output in patients with duodenal ulcer. Therefore the impaired regulation of acid on antral somatostatin contents could be one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease

GPR80/99, proposed to be the P2Y15 receptor activated by adenosine and AMP, is not a P2Y receptor

The orphan receptor GPR80 (also called GPR99) was recently reported to be the P2Y15 receptor activated by AMP and adenosine and coupled to increases in cyclic AMP accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization (Inbe et al. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 19790–9[12]). However, the cell line (HEK293) used to carry out those studies endogenously expresses A2A and A2B adenosine receptors as well as multiple P2Y receptors, which complicates the analysis of a potential P2Y receptor. To determine unambiguously whether GPR80 is a P2Y receptor subtype, HA-tagged GPR80 was either stably expressed in CHO cells or transiently expressed in COS-7 and HEK293 cells, and cell surface expression was verified by radioimmunoassay (RIA). COS-7 cells overexpressing GPR80 showed a consistent twofold increase in basal inositol phosphate accumulation. However, neither adenosine nor AMP was capable of promoting accumulation of either cyclic AMP or inositol phosphates in any of the three GPR80-expressing cells. A recent paper (He et al. Nature 2004; 429: 188–93 [15]) reported that GPR80 is a Gq-coupled receptor activated by the citric acid cycle intermediate, α-ketoglutarate. Consistent with this report, α-ketoglutarate promoted inositol phosphate accumulation in CHO and HEK293 cells expressing GPR80, and pretreatment of GPR80-expressing COS-7 cells with glutamate dehydrogenase, which converts α-ketoglutarate to glutamate, decreased basal levels of inositol phosphates. Taken together, these data demonstrate that GPR80 is not activated by adenosine, AMP or other nucleotides, but instead is activated by α-ketoglutarate. Therefore, GPR80 is not a new member of the P2Y receptor family

AMP Affects Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling, Migration, Cytokine Secretion and T Cell Priming Capacity of Dendritic Cells

The nucleotide adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP) can be released by various cell types and has been shown to elicit different cellular responses. In the extracellular space AMP is dephosphorylated to the nucleoside adenosine which can then bind to adenosine receptors. However, it has been shown that AMP can also activate A1 and A2a receptors directly. Here we show that AMP is a potent modulator of mouse and human dendritic cell (DC) function. AMP increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a time and dose dependent manner. Furthermore, AMP stimulated actin-polymerization in human DCs and induced migration of immature human and bone marrow derived mouse DCs, both via direct activation of A1 receptors. AMP strongly inhibited secretion of TNF-α and IL-12p70, while it enhanced production of IL-10 both via activation of A2a receptors. Consequently, DCs matured in the presence of AMP and co-cultivated with naive CD4+CD45RA+ T cells inhibited IFN-γ production whereas secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 was up-regulated. An enhancement of Th2-driven immune response could also be observed when OVA-pulsed murine DCs were pretreated with AMP prior to co-culture with OVA-transgenic naïve OTII T cells. An effect due to the enzymatic degradation of AMP to adenosine could be ruled out, as AMP still elicited migration and changes in cytokine secretion in bone-marrow derived DCs generated from CD73-deficient animals and in human DCs pretreated with the ecto-nucleotidase inhibitor 5′-(alpha,beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP). Finally, the influence of contaminating adenosine could be excluded, as AMP admixed with adenosine desaminase (ADA) was still able to influence DC function. In summary our data show that AMP when present during maturation is a potent regulator of dendritic cell function and point out the role for AMP in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders

Dynamic purine signaling and metabolism during neutrophil–endothelial interactions

During episodes of hypoxia and inflammation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) move into underlying tissues by initially passing between endothelial cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels (transendothelial migration, TEM). TEM creates the potential for disturbances in vascular barrier and concomitant loss of extravascular fluid and resultant edema. Recent studies have demonstrated a crucial role for nucleotide metabolism and nucleoside signaling during inflammation. These studies have implicated multiple adenine nucleotides as endogenous tissue protective mechanisms invivo. Here, we review the functional components of vascular barrier, identify strategies for increasing nucleotide generation and nucleoside signaling, and discuss potential therapeutic targets to regulate the vascular barrier during inflammation

ツマグロヨコバイ類が媒介するウイルス病に対するイネの抵抗性育種に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(農学)乙第10275号論農博第2272号新制||農||794(附属図書館)学位論文||H11||N3344(農学部図書室)UT51-99-Z50(主査)教授 池橋 宏, 教授 堀江 武, 助教授 遠藤 隆学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Tides at Syowa Station

1966年昭和基地においてはじめて長期間の潮汐観測に成功した.使用した験潮器は水圧式のもので,設置の状況はFig.1およびFig.2に示した.約一年間の観測資料のうちから独立した30日間の資料9組を選び,それぞれについて調和分解を行なった.結果はTable 1にかかげた.大潮における潮差は平均88cmで,主要な一日週潮の潮差の半日週潮のそれに対する比は1.07である

ショウワキチ ニ オケル チョウセキ

1966年昭和基地においてはじめて長期間の潮汐観測に成功した.使用した験潮器は水圧式のもので,設置の状況はFig.1およびFig.2に示した.約一年間の観測資料のうちから独立した30日間の資料9組を選び,それぞれについて調和分解を行なった.結果はTable 1にかかげた.大潮における潮差は平均88cmで,主要な一日週潮の潮差の半日週潮のそれに対する比は1.07である

Geodetic Survey in Antarctica by the Fourth Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, 1959-60

第4次観測に於ては,天測点1点,基線5本を含む合計12点の基準点を設置した.その内訳は西オングル島内に4点,東オングル島に1点,ネスオイヤ島に1点,昭和基地西南方大陸上に3点,パッダ島内に3点(うち一点は天測点)で,基線は東オングル島より,西オングル島に向って1本,大陸に向って3本,合計4点を設置した