7 research outputs found
"There is no place for sluggards in this game": mobile interactive technologies in teaching Russian as a foreignand native language
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° "ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠ°: ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ", Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ "Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ"
The "PRIM" study - A randomised comparison of prostaglandin with isosorbide mononitrate for pre-induction cervical ripening at term
The "prim" study plus a randomised comparison of prostaglandin E2 gel with the nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening prior to the induction of labour at term
Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term
Leukocyte density and proinflammatory mediator expression in regional human fetal membranes and decidua before and during labor at term
OBJECTIVES: The region of fetal membranes overlying the cervix, known as the zone of altered morphology (ZAM), is considered to be the principle site of membrane inflammatory activity and extracellular matrix remodelling. We wished to quantify the relative contribution of each area of fetal membranes to the inflammatory process of parturition. Specifically, we aimed to quantify and compare (1) leukocyte densities in three regions of fetal membranes and decidua before and during spontaneous labor at term, and (2) mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, cyclo-oxygenase type 1 (COX-1), and COX-2 in three regions of fetal membranes and decidua before and during spontaneous labor at term.
METHODS: Biopsies of fetal membranes and decidua were obtained from pregnant women delivered by cesarean section at term both before and during spontaneous labor (n = 8 both groups). Fetal membranes were sampled from three areas, the ZAM, midzone (MZ), and periplacental (PP) regions. Leukocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry and their density quantified. Inflammatory mediator expression was quantified using TaqMan technology (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
RESULTS: There was a significantly greater density of leukocytes in (1) the PP region of membranes compared with the ZAM, and (2) the decidua compared with amnion, amniotic connective tissue, and chorion. IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression was significantly greater in all regions following spontaneous labor compared with nonlaboring tissues. There were no regional differences in cytokine expression within the fetal membranes. Choriodecidua expressed significantly more IL-1 beta mRNA than amnion. Amnion expressed more COX-2 mRNA than choriodecidua.
CONCLUSIONS: All regions of fetal membranes and decidua contribute to the inflammatory process of human parturition; however, their relative contributions differ in magnitude. Although the ZAM may be specifically important for membrane rupture, it does not appear to play a key or exclusive role in the other inflammatory processes of parturition. When studying fetal membranes, it is relevant to identify and define the area sampled for consistency and comparison with other studies