Importância da vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano em um assentamento rural em Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul

OBJECTIVE: To understand health professionals’ perceptions about vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) in the Santa Mônica rural settlement in Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative methodologies, consultations on vaccination cards, records of community health agents and the focus group technique were used. The main factors of hesitation and vaccine refusal were analyzed, as well as the health team’s strategies for the process of immunization against HPV, from June to August 2018. RESULTS: Of 121 children and adolescents, 81 (66.94%) received the complete vaccination schedule. Complete vaccination coverage for women was 73.17% (60/82) and for men, 53.8% (21/39). It was observed that, although strategies are adopted for vaccine promotion, such as mobile actions, the public is resistant due to superficial knowledge about the vaccine and its use in an early age group, showing itself to be susceptible to the negative influence of the media and to society’s taboos. In addition, difficulties regarding the use of the Unified Health System card and the shortage of professionals were also observed. CONCLUSION: The results explain the immunization coverage below the target and reinforce the need to strengthen the family health strategy, as well as the permanent and continuing education of professionals, in order to increase parental confidence and adherence to vaccination.OBJETIVO: Compreender as percepções dos profissionais de saúde acerca da vacinação contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) no Complexo de assentamentos Santa Mônica, em Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas metodologias quanti-qualitativas, consultas em cartões vacinais, registros de agente comunitários de saúde e a técnica de grupo focal. Foram analisados os principais fatores de hesitação e recusa vacinal, bem como as estratégias da equipe de saúde para o processo de imunização contra o HPV, de junho a agosto de 2018. RESULTADOS: De 121 crianças e adolescentes, 81 (66,94%) receberam o esquema vacinal completo. A cobertura vacinal completa feminina foi de 73,17% (60/82) e a masculina de 53,8% (21/39). Observou-se que, embora sejam adotadas estratégias para a promoção da vacina, como ações volantes, o público encontra-se resistente devido ao conhecimento superficial sobre a vacina e sua utilização em faixa etária precoce, mostrando-se suscetível à influência negativa da mídia e aos tabus da sociedade. Além disso, dificuldades quanto ao uso do cartão do Sistema Único de Saúde e a escassez de profissionais também foram observadas. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados justificam a cobertura vacinal abaixo da meta e reforçam a necessidade de fortalecimento da estratégia de saúde da família, bem como da educação permanente e continuada dos profissionais, a fim de aumentar a confiança dos pais e a adesão à vacinação

Infecção por múltiplos tipos de Papilomavirus humano em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas

Modelo do estudo: transversal. Objetivo do estudo: estimar a frequência e a distribuição dos tipos de Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas. Metodologia: foram coletadas amostras do canal vaginal e endocérvice de 158 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, por meio da técnica de autocoleta. O DNA-HPV foi extraído e amplificado pela técnica de PCR end point utilizando os primers consensus PGMY09/11. A genotipagem foi executada pela técnica de PCR tipo específico (TSPCR) e por análise dos fragmentos obtidos com o uso de enzimas de restrição (RFLP). Resultados: DNA-HPV foi detectado em 23% das amostras, 92% foram genótipos de alto risco oncogênico (HR), sendo prevalente o HPV45, seguido do HPV16 e 31. Infecções por múltiplos tipos de HPV foram detectadas em 35% das amostras, demonstrando infecção por mais de dois tipos em 22,2% das genotipadas. Maior frequência do DNA-HPV foi observada entre mulheres com idade ≤ 25 anos. Conclusão: Este estudo demostrou alta frequência da infecção pelo HPV em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas, assim como uma alta prevalência de infecção múltipla com tipos de alto risco oncogênicoStudy design: cross. Study objective: estimate the frequency and distribution types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sexually active young women. Methods: samples of vaginal and endocervical canal of 158 women, aged between 18 and 35 years were collected through self-collection technique. The HPV DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR end point using the consensus primers PGMY09/11 and genotyping was performed by PCR specific type (TS-PCR) and by analysis of the fragments obtained from the use of restriction enzymes (RFLP). Results: HPV DNA was detected in 23% of participants, 92% were high-risk HPV genotypes (HR), being the prevalent HPV45, followed by HPV16 and 31 infections with multiple HPV types were detected in 35% of samples, indicating infection by more than two types in 22.2% of the genotyped. Higher frequency of HPV DNA was detected in women ≤ 25 old. Conclusion: this demonstrated a high frequency of HPV infection in sexually active young women, as well as a high prevalence of infection with multiple types of high oncogenic ris

Determination of HPV DNA viral load by hybrid capture assay and its association with cytological findings

OBJECTIVE: To compare the relation between HPV viral load by hybrid capture II test (HCII) and cytological findings. METHODS: Three hundred sixty-two reagent samples to HPV DNA by HCII had their viral loads classified in four categories and correlated to cytological results. RESULTS: Twenty-two samples (6.1%) were reagent only to low-risk oncogenic types (group A) and 340 (93.9%) were reagent to high-risk oncogenic types (group B). The correlation between viral load for the reagent samples to group A and cytological results showed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) predominance (50%). Most of this group samples had viral load between 1 to <10RLU/PCA. Of the patients that were reagent to group B 52.1% had LSIL cytology and 38.2% were negative to intraepithelial lesion and malignancy (NILM) cytology. The patients with LSIL had viral load well distributed with a slight predominance of 100 to < 1,000RLU/PCB category. The samples had viral load between 1 to <10RLU/PCB showed NILM cytology predominance (48.1%). High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (3.4%) were present on the samples with viral load between 100 to <1,000RLU/PCB (p = 0.023). There was a correlation between the median for group B viral load and LSIL/HSIL results. CONCLUSIONS: The quantification of viral load, mainly of high-risk HPV types, may be a useful tool for dealing with patients who have suspicious lesions