Traffic Congestion Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Network

Traffic congestion has been a problem for a long time. It is known that traffic congestion would cause delays, high fuel consumption and high pollution index. In order to avoid high levels of road traffic congestion, a reliable and accurate detection system is needed. By using traffic parameters such as speed and density of vehicles the road, an application of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) could be utilised. The evaluation of the road traffic congestion detection system includes the presence of congestion and the level of congestion itself. This detection system will be implemented on a scaled-down prototype/modelling in order to test the effectiveness

Self-organization of reflexive behavior from spontaneous motor activity

In mammals, the development of reflexes is often regarded as an innate process. However, recent findings show that fetuses are endowed with favorable conditions for ontogenetic development. In this article, we hypothesize that the circuitry of at least some mammalian reflexes can be self-organized from the sensory and motor interactions brought forth in a musculoskeletal system. We focus mainly on three reflexes: the myotatic reflex, the reciprocal inhibition reflex, and the reverse myotatic reflex. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a set of experiments on a simulated musculoskeletal system using pairs of agonist and antagonist muscles. The reflex connectivity is obtained by producing spontaneous motor activity in each muscle and by correlating the resulting sensor and motor signals. Our results show that, under biologically plausible conditions, the reflex circuitry thus obtained is consistent with that identified in relation to the analogous mammalian reflexes. In addition, they show that the reflex connectivity obtained depends on the morphology of the musculoskeletal system as well as on the environment that it is embedded i

Traffic Congestion Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Network

Traffic congestion has been a problem for a long time. It is known that traffic congestion would cause delays, high fuel consumption and high pollution index. In order to avoid high levels of road traffic congestion, a reliable and accurate detection system is needed. By using traffic parameters such as speed and density of vehicles the road, an application of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) could be utilised. The evaluation of the road traffic congestion detection system includes the presence of congestion and the level of congestion itself. This detection system will be implemented on a scaled-down prototype/modelling in order to test the effectiveness

A multimodal deep learning framework using local feature representations for face recognition

YesThe most recent face recognition systems are mainly dependent on feature representations obtained using either local handcrafted-descriptors, such as local binary patterns (LBP), or use a deep learning approach, such as deep belief network (DBN). However, the former usually suffers from the wide variations in face images, while the latter usually discards the local facial features, which are proven to be important for face recognition. In this paper, a novel framework based on merging the advantages of the local handcrafted feature descriptors with the DBN is proposed to address the face recognition problem in unconstrained conditions. Firstly, a novel multimodal local feature extraction approach based on merging the advantages of the Curvelet transform with Fractal dimension is proposed and termed the Curvelet–Fractal approach. The main motivation of this approach is that theCurvelet transform, a newanisotropic and multidirectional transform, can efficiently represent themain structure of the face (e.g., edges and curves), while the Fractal dimension is one of the most powerful texture descriptors for face images. Secondly, a novel framework is proposed, termed the multimodal deep face recognition (MDFR)framework, to add feature representations by training aDBNon top of the local feature representations instead of the pixel intensity representations. We demonstrate that representations acquired by the proposed MDFR framework are complementary to those acquired by the Curvelet–Fractal approach. Finally, the performance of the proposed approaches has been evaluated by conducting a number of extensive experiments on four large-scale face datasets: the SDUMLA-HMT, FERET, CAS-PEAL-R1, and LFW databases. The results obtained from the proposed approaches outperform other state-of-the-art of approaches (e.g., LBP, DBN, WPCA) by achieving new state-of-the-art results on all the employed datasets

Experimental and theoretical analysis of isothermal austenite decomposition in ultra-low and low carbon steels

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, den Mechanismus der Umwandlung von Austenit in Ferrit für kohlenstoffärmste bis -arme Stähle zu untersuchen. Dafür wurden industrielle Qualitätsstähle einerseits zu Hohlzylindern und andererseits zu massiven zylindrischen Proben verarbeitet und thermisch in einem High-Speed-Quenching Dilatometer behandelt. Die Austenitisierungstemperatur für die Hohlzylinder war 950°C, während 950 und 1100°C für die massiven Proben gewählt wurde. Die IT-Temperaturen waren zwischen 890 und 660°C. Die Proben wurden bei 950°C für 300s und bei 1100°C für 600s gehalten. Die Kühlrate für die Hohlproben betrug bis zu 3400K/s, die massiven Zylinder wurden mit 40K/s gekühlt.Dilatometer-Daten aller Proben, von kohlenstoffärmsten zu kohlenstoffarmen Stählen, werden in I-TTT-Diagrammen dargestellt.Simulationen zum Erstellen dieser I-TTT-Diagramme wurden mit den Softwarepaketen MatCalc und DICTRA durchgeführt, verglichen und dienten des weiteren zum besseren Verständnis der wirksamen Mechanismen hinter dem Austenit-Zerfall.Als entscheidende Mechanismen konnten für die Hohlzylinder mit niedrigsten Kohlenstoffgehalten grenzflächen-kontrollierte und eventuell eine zweistufige Transformationskinetik erkannt werden. Die nieder- bis mittellegierten kohlenstoffarmen Hohl- und Massivproben, austenitisiert bei 950°C, zeigten diffusionskontrollierte zweistufige Umwandlungskinetik. Bei den Vollzylindern (massive Proben) dieser Legierung, austenitisiert bei 1100°C, konnten keine grenzflächen-kontrollierte Umwandlungen unmittelbar erkannt werden. Im Vergleich dazu zeigten die Stähle mit dem höchsten C-Gehalt nur diffusionskontrollierte Umwandlungskinetik, unabhängig von der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit oder der Art der Probe.The aim of the present work is to investigate the mechanism of the austenite to ferrite transformation in ultra-low to low carbon steels. In this regard, industrial quality steels were machined into standard hollow and solid cylindrical samples and thermally treated in a high-speed quenching dilatometer. The austenitization temperature for hollow samples was 950°C, whereas it was 950 and 1100°C for solid samples. The IT temperatures are chosen between 890 and 660°C. Samples were soaked at 950°C for 300s and at 1100°C for 600s. For hollow samples, cooling rates were up to 3400K/s, whereas for solid samples it was 40K/s. Dilatation data of all samples of ultra-low to low carbon steel were used to sketch the I-TTT diagrams. Thermo-kinetic simulations with the software MatCalc and DICTRA were carried out to construct the I-TTP diagrams for comparison purpose and to understand the mechanism responsible for austenite decomposition. From the mechanism point of view, hollow samples of ultra-low carbon steel were showing interface-controlled and, eventually, two-stage transformation characteristics. Solid samples of this alloy were showing diffusion-controlled, interface-controlled and two-stage transformation kinetics. The hollow and solid samples of low carbon steel austenitized at 950°C with lower and intermediate alloying contents were showing diffusion-controlled, two-stage and massive transformation mechanisms, whereas solid samples, which were austenitized at 1100°C were not showing any entirely interface-controlled massive transformation mechanism. In comparison, the low carbon alloy with highest C-content was showing only diffusion-controlled transformation kinetics irrespective of the cooling rate or type of sample.12

Local Perception on Crime Pattern in Bangladesh: A Pilot Study on Dhaka North

Abstract: The study tried to explore the crime pattern in Bangladesh. This is the first phase of this study series that was conducted on the northern part of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The study revealed the crime patterns and the perceptions of inhabitants about crime in the locality. The northern part of Dhaka consists the area under the jurisdiction of Savar, Ashulia and Dhamrai police stations. According to the study, peoples think that four types of crimesharassment, rape, political violence and enforced disappearance are place independent. On the other hand, crimes such as theft, mugging, drug abuse, drug related violence, domestic violence, murder, decoity (robbery), child and woman trafficking, acid violence, extortion, abduction and cattle theft are not place independent. Drugs, unemployment, lack of concern, poverty, political influence, lack of education & moral, police not performing responsibility and outsiders are considered as the main reasons behind the crimes. Increasing patrol & strengthening security, drugs control, action against corruption, police to do work properly, neutrality & prompt action by police, increasing police force, reducing political interfere, reducing distance with people and improvement of communication system in certain areas are the main suggestions as remedy for such crimes. This study can be of great use for law and enforcement agency to understand the perception and take actions accordingly

Arsenic (As) Contamination in Different Food and Dietary Samples from Several Districts of Bangladesh and Arsenic (As) Detection, Mitigation and Toxicity Measurement and impact of Dietary Arsenic Exposure on Human Health

Objective: To determine the level of arsenic concentration in vegetables and other food categories in three selected areas of Pabna district and to estimate quantitatively the dietary arsenic exposure in one of the arsenic contaminated areas of Bangladesh.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in CharRuppur, Char mirkamari and Lakshmikunda village of IshwardiUpzila in Pabna district. Ishwardi (Town) consists of 12 wardsand 37 mahallas. Arsenic was detected in the ADM Lab,Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh with Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HG-AAS; PG-990, PG Instruments Ltd. UK). Arsenic was detected by forming AsH3 at below pH 1.0 after the reaction of As with a solution of sodiumborohydride (NaBH4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, M=40,000g/mol,) and 10% HCl. In this test, standard was maintained asAsV ranging from 0 to 12.5 μg/L.Results: A total of 120 vegetable samples, 15 rice samples and15 fish samples were collected from five different markets ofthree different villages of Pabna district and were tested forarsenic concentration. Findings demonstrated that the mean concentration of As in leafy vegetables (0.52 μg g-1) was significantly higher compared to those found in fruity (0.422μg g-1) and root & tuber vegetables (0.486 μg g-1).Conclusion: Underground Contaminated water was the major source for the As contamination of various products in Pabna.The arsenic levels were found higher among the leafy vegetables samples in comparison to fruit and root & tuber vegetables. Further studies will be conducted to search the genetic risk factors of arsenic toxicity in the population of the mostly affected people

Sustainable Brick Masonry Bond Design and Analysis: An Application of a Decision-Making Technique

This research intends to explore the sustainable masonry bond formation and interface behaviour of brick masonry bonds with different cement mortar ratios. To test the sustainable behaviour of different brick bonds, different tests were applied to evaluate the performance of the developed five brick masonry structures with the help of four mortar ratios. Following that pattern, the methodologies of a prism triplet test, a bond wrench test, a shear bond test and strength tests for brick masonry were applied. The prism triplet test explained the bonding behaviour of mortar by producing a maximum strength (0.21 MPa) with a 1:3 mix ratio, and the minimum strength (0.095 MPa) with a 1:8 mix ratio. The bond wrench test showed a bond strength of maximum 0.0685 MPa with a mortar ratio of 1:3 and a minimum of 0.035 MPa with a mortar ratio of 1:8. The strength tests for masonry structures expressed that compressive strength (0.786 MPa) and flexural strength (0.352 MPa) were found to be at maximum level with a mortar ratio (1:3) with an English bond formation. For predictions of compressive and flexural strength, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were deployed, and successful predictions of these values along with the relationships between different properties of the material, mortar combinations and bond combinations are presented to complete the exploration of the relationship. This pattern can be helpful for the selection of sustainable brick masonry formations for housing development

Proficient Lignocellulolytic Novel Bacterial Isolates from Diversified Galiyat Forests of Lower Himalaya

Lignocellulosic biomass needs attention as an alternative energy source to overcome the adverse impacts of fossil fuels. Diversified Galiyat forests of Lower Himalaya may represent the potential source of lignocellulose degrading microbiota, particularly the lytic bacteria. Therefore, soil and wood samples were collected from different sites of Nathiagali and Thandiani of Galiyat forests. The soil samples collected were clayey, with a pH between 6.7 and 7.0, and with an organic matter of 2.8%–2.9% in Nathiagali and 2.1%–2.2% in Thandiani. The soils were enriched with more diversified cultivable bacteria (9 Log CFU/g) than the respective wood samples (7.4–8.6 Log CFU/g). Out of 90 bacteria, 22 isolates were efficient for cellulose degradation, 14 for xylanase activity, and 10 for laccase production. Cluster analysis showed that lignocellulolytic bacteria were grouped based on the sample medium (soil–wood) rather than the sampling site (Thandiani–Nathiagali). Efficient bacteria were also sequenced, and we found that cellulase production was prevalent in Pseudomonas spp. while laccase activity was diverse among taxonomically varied bacteria. Moreover, Stenotrophomonas sp. TS2B1 performed the best for corncob xylose degradation. Overall, the results suggest that Galiyat forests represent diverse lignocellulolytic microbial populations which should be further evaluated for applications in lignocellulosic waste management and for potential consequent fuel production