Type of Birth, Depression and Anxiety as Determinates of Breastfeeding Attitude among Nursing Mothers

This study examined Type of Birth, Depression and Anxiety as determinates of Breastfeeding attitude among Nursing Mothers in Edo and Kogi State Nigeria. A total of two hundred (200) currently Breastfeeding mothers participated in the study. This comprises of a hundred and twenty breastfeeding mother drawn from the General Hospital Auchi Edo State and eighty drawn from Ajaokuta Steel Medical Centre Kogi State. A questionnaire was used in collecting data. The questionnaire consisted of four sections. The demographic variables, Breastfeeding attitude scale, Depression and Anxiety sub-scales. Results of the study revealed that mothers who had normal delivery reported positive attitude towards breastfeeding than mothers who gave birth through caesarian section (t=3.38, df 198 P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the reported attitude of mothers scoring high and low on the Zung depression inventory towards breastfeeding. Likewise there were no significant differences in the reported attitude of mothers scoring high or low towards breastfeeding. Results obtained also shows that there was an interaction effect between type of delivery and depression on breastfeeding attitude among nursing mothers. An interaction existed also between type of Delivery and anxiety; Depression and anxiety but surprisingly, type of delivery, depression and anxiety did not have an interaction effect on the prediction of breastfeeding attitude among nursing mothers. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that there is need for counseling and enlightenment campaign embarked upon by government, and non-governmental organization as well as all health professional concerned within Nigeria to eliminate this wrong attitude and belief about Caesarean section birth as well as campaign on the nutritional values of breastfeeding milk to children. The need for mothers who went through CS to be counseled on the need to believe in themselves as well as the benefit of breastfeeding to the child and mother is very important.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v1i2.125

The Role of Gender, Self-Efficacy, Age and Extroversion on Smoking Behaviour among Ambrose Alli University Students, Ekpoma, Nigeria

This study examined the role of gender, self-efficacy, age and extroversion on smoking behavior among Ambrose Alli University Students. Two hundred and fifty (250) undergraduates participated in the study (males 160 and females 90). Questionnaire was used in collecting data that were analyzed in this study. The questionnaire consisted of 4 sections: the demographic variables, extroversion scale, self-efficacy scale and attitude toward smoking scale. Two out of the four hypotheses tested were supported. Results of the independent t-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the onset of smoking between females and males (t = 2.354, df = 248, P = \u3c.05). Result also showed that self-efficacy was significant when considering attitudes toward smoking behavior (t = 3.256, df = 248, P = \u3c.05). However, age and extroversion was not found to be significant while considering smoking initiation and cessation. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that the smokers’ self-efficacy and gender must be taken seriously while considering smoking cessation. It also has implication for counseling

Tendencias agresivas entre estudiantes de grado: el rol de las características personales y familiares

This study examined the role of Personal (Self-esteem, self-efficacy, Locus of Control & Gender) and family characteristics (Family communication style, and Parental neglect) on aggressive tendencies among undergraduates students in South-South Geo-Political Zone in Nigeria. A total of 2,862 undergraduates, made up of 1302, females and 1,560 males drawn from seven universities participated in the study. A questionnaire was used in collecting data. The questionnaire consisted of seven sections: The demographic variables, Family communication style, Parental neglect, Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Locus of control, Gender and Aggressive tendencies. Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy, self-esteem, and family communication style independently predict aggressive tendencies, while locus of control and parental neglect was not found to independently predict aggressive tendencies. Personal and family characteristics jointly predict aggressive tendencies. Results of the 2x2x2 analysis of variance to check the interaction effect of gender, locus of control, and parental neglect, indicated that there was an interaction effect of gender and locus of control, while there was no statistical significant interaction of gender, locus of control and parental neglect. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the future of a successful intervention by therapist/ service providers for students with aggressive behavior, lies heavily on knowing and identifiying the personal and family characteristics of the individual. This no doubt would help the therapists tailor specific treatment for specifics individuals.Este estudio examina el rol que las características personales (auto-estima, auto-eficacia, locus de control y género) y familiares (estilo de comunicación familiar y abandono parental) juegan en las tendencias agresivas de estudiantes de grado en la zona geopolítica Sur-Sur de Nigeria. Un total de 2.862 estudiantes de grado, compuesta por 1.302 mujeres y 1.560 hombres de siete universidades diferentes participaron en el estudio. Para recoger los datos se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto de siete partes: variables demográficas, Estilo de comunicación familiar, abandono parental, auto-estima, auto-eficacia, locus de control, género y tendencias agresivas. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión múltiple revelan que auto-eficacia, auto-estima, y estilo de comunicación familiar predicen independientemente tendencias agresivas, mientras que locus de control, género y abandono parental no predicen independientemente tendencias agresivas. La combinación de tendencias personales y familiares predice tendencias agresivas. Los resultados de los análisis de varianza 2x2x2 para analizar la interacción de género, locus de control y abandono parental indican que existe interacción entre género y locus de control, mientras que no existe interacción estadísticamente significativa entre género, locus de control y abandono parental. En base a los hallazgos de este estudio, se sugiere que el futuro de intervenciones de éxito por terapeutas y proovedores de servicios para estudiantes con comportamiento agresivo depende fuertemente de conocer e identificar las características personales y familiares del individuo. Sin duda esto ayudará a los terapeutas a ajustar tratamientos específicos para cada individuo. This study examined the role of Personal (Self-esteem, self-efficacy, Locus of Control & Gender) and family characteristics (Family communication style, and Parental neglect) on aggressive tendencies among undergraduates students in South-South Geo-Political Zone in Nigeria. A total of 2,862 undergraduates, made up of 1302, females and 1,560 males drawn from seven universities participated in the study. A questionnaire was used in collecting data. The questionnaire consisted of seven sections: The demographic variables, Family communication style, Parental neglect, Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Locus of control, Gender and Aggressive tendencies. Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy, self-esteem, and family communication style independently predict aggressive tendencies, while locus of control and parental neglect was not found to independently predict aggressive tendencies. Personal and family characteristics jointly predict aggressive tendencies. Results of the 2x2x2 analysis of variance to check the interaction effect of gender, locus of control, and parental neglect, indicated that there was an interaction effect of gender and locus of control, while there was no statistical significant interaction of gender, locus of control and parental neglect. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the future of a successful intervention by therapist/ service providers for students with aggressive behavior, lies heavily on knowing and identifiying the personal and family characteristics of the individual. This no doubt would help the therapists tailor specific treatment for specifics individuals