Model Development, Field Section Characterization and Model Comparison for Excess Vehicle Fuel Use Due to Pavement Structural Response

In this study, consumption of energy due to pavement structural response through viscoelastic 3 deformation of asphalt pavement materials under vehicle loading was predicted for 17 field 4 sections in California by using three different models. Calculated dissipated energy values were 5 converted to excess fuel consumption (EFC) to facilitate comparisons under different traffic 6 loads (car, SUV, and truck) and speeds and different temperature conditions. The goal of the 7 study was to compare the different modeling approaches and provide first level estimates of EFC 8 in preparation for simulations of annual EFC for different traffic and climate scenarios as well as 9 different types of pavement structures on the California state highway network. Comparison of 10 the predicted EFC for all test sections showed that all three models produced different results 11 which can be attributed to the differences in the three modeling approaches. However, 12 predictions from the three models are generally of same order of magnitude or an order of 13 magnitude different indicating that overall these models can be calibrated using data from field 14 measurements, which is the next step in the research program

Reactive Control Using Behavior Modelling of a Mobile Robot

Abstract: This paper deals with the reactive control of an autonomous robot which should move safely in a crowded unknown environment to reach a goal. A behavior based approach is used to realize obstacle avoidance within a neural model conceived from a set of examples of perception/action relations; supervised learning is used for the aim; while goal-reaching task is realized using a fuzzy rule-based system. A task activation module is used to generate the overall command, resulting from the fuzzy controller and the neural model. Real time simulation examples of generated path with proposed techniques are presented

La chimiothérapie hyperthermique intrapéritonéale dans les cancers ovariens récidivants (analyse coût-efficacité par la construction d'un modèle d'aide à la décision médico-économique)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evaluation de l'impact de la mise en place d'un support unique de prescription et d'administration à travers l'analyse statistique des interventions pharmaceutiques réalisées dans une unité d'oto-rhino-laryngologie

La sécurisation et l'amélioration de la prise en charge médicamenteuse à l'hôpital est une des priorités des établissements de santé. Selon les recommandations de bon usage des médicaments, la retranscription est une étape du circuit du médicament qui doit être évitée. En effet, le rapport de la Mission nationale d'Expertise et d'Audit Hospitalier de juillet 2007 montre que 13 à 17 % des erreurs à l'hôpital sont observées lors de l'étape de transcription. Dans ce contexte, le service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie de l'hôpital de la Croix Rousse a mis en place un support unique de prescription et d'administration dans le but de supprimer l'étape de retranscription. L'objectif de ce travail est donc d'évaluer l'impact qu'a eu la mise en place du support unique de prescription et d'administration à travers l'analyse qualitative et quantitative des interventions pharmaceutiques émises dans ce service, et notamment celles en lien avec des erreurs de retranscription. L'examen de la totalité des interventions pharmaceutiques enregistrées pour le service d'ORL concerné a été réalisé, grâce à une extraction depuis la base de données Act IP de la Société Française de la Pharmacie Clinique. Une étude de comparaison du nombre, du type et du devenir des interventions pharmaceutiques a ensuite été menée entre les six mois précédant la mise en place du nouveau support, et les six mois suivant. Les données antérieures à la mise en place du nouveau support révèlent que les interventions pharmaceutiques les plus fréquentes sont, dans l'ordre d'importance, liées à des surdosages, de mauvais choix galéniques et des erreurs de retranscription. L'étude comparative sur les six mois précédant et les six mois suivant la mise en place du support a mis en évidence une diminution du nombre total d'interventions pharmaceutiques, en particulier celles engendrées par les erreurs de retranscription. Ce travail met donc en lumière l'impact de la mise en place du support unique de prescription et d'administration dans la diminution des erreurs à l'hôpital. Afin de confirmer ces résultats, il serait intéressant de mener une nouvelle étude avec une période d'analyse plus étendueLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Effect of THF on Equilibrium Pressure and Dissociation Enthalpy of CO2 Hydrates Applied to Secondary Refrigeration

International audienceThe present work investigates the formation conditions and the latent heat of dissociation of hydrates formed from tetrahydrofuran (THF)−CO2−water mixtures. The conditions investigated are 3.8−15 wt % for THF concentration and 0.2−3.5 MPa for the CO2 partial pressure range, conditions that are adapted to the use of the corresponding hydrate slurries as secondary refrigerants. Both differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used for the experimental determinations. Experimental values were compared with modeling, combining the van der Waals and Platteeuw approach with the Redlich−Kwong equation of state associated to a modified Huron−Vidal (MHV2) mixing rule. At fixed temperature, adding THF to the systems results in a drastic reduction of CO2 equilibrium pressure. For instance, at 280 K, a 78.9% decrease of CO2 pressure is experimentally observed if the solution contains 3.8 wt % of THF. Furthermore, a dissociation enthalpy of (CO2 + THF) hydrates roughly two times higher that that of CO2 hydrates was calculated from measured and predicted data of hydrate formation

Phosphorus and ammonium removal characteristics from aqueous solutions by a newly isolated plant growth-promoting bacterium

An indigenous plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from Peganum Harmala rhizosphere in the arid ecosystem was found to solubilize and accumulate phosphates. This isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sp. (PHR6) by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Controlled batch experiments on nutrients removal by this isolate in mineral medium showed relatively high efficiencies after 24 h of aerobic incubation with average values of 117.59 and 335.38 mg gVSS for phosphorus (P-PO ) and nitrogen (N-NH ), respectively. Furthermore, the strain performed heterotrophic nitrification ranging from 48.81% to 84.24% of the total removed nitrogen. On the other hand, the experimental results showed that a short idle period (24 h) significantly enhanced P accumulation (up to 95%) and N assimilation (up to 50%) of the total removed amounts. However, long idle period (20 days) revealed firstly aerobic phosphorous release phase succeeded by another removal one within 24 h of incubation. Overall, the idle treatment enhances P removal efficiency from the mineral liquid medium without significant effects on N-NH removal performance. The isolated strain showed also significant nutrient removal ability from synthetic wastewater providing an accumulated fraction of 98% from the total removed phosphorus amount. This study highlights the potential contribution of the selected rhizobacterium PHR6 to both environmental nutrient recycling and pollution control especially regarding phosphorus

Simulation of Cumulative Annual Impact of Pavement Structural Response on Vehicle Fuel Economy for California Test Sections

This report presents the preliminary results of a study of the effects of pavement structural response on excess fuel consumption (EFCS), which is defined as the additional fuel required to propel a vehicle on an “imperfect” pavement compared to the amount required on an “ideal” pavement. The study compared EFCS for a set of asphalt-surfaced test sections with a pavement with no structural response as well as with the effects of roughness and macrotexture on EFC. EFCS was calculated using three different models for a factorial that included seventeen asphalt-surfaced pavement field sections on the California state highway network with different structure types that were characterized by their viscoelastic properties. The results of the modeling were used to simulate annual EFCS for a factorial of vehicles, traffic flows, speed distributions, and climate regions typical of California. The sensitivity of EFCS to the variables in the factorial was analyzed, and the effects of structural response on EFC were compared with those of roughness and macrotexture to determine whether structural response is sufficiently important to warrant a second phase of the project to validate and calibrate the models using field test sections and instrumented vehicles. It is recommended to complete models for concrete pavements in addition to asphalt-surfaced pavements, to consider multiple layers in the asphalt, particularly near the surface to better evaluate the effects of rubberized asphalt surface materials, and to check the effects of full dynamic pavement modeling (inertial effects in the pavement) on more than the one section analyzed. It is also recommended to begin field validation and calibration of the models and rerun the simulations with the improved and calibrated models for all pavement surface types