Tribology Evaluation of Jatropha as a New Environmental Source of Lubricant

Lubricant oils play an important role in manufacturing processes for reducing friction and wear between contact surface parts at different speeds, loads and temperature. The main source for lubricant oils is mineral oil, but this source is being reduced from day to day and it is a major source for environmental pollution in the world. This research as a comparative study of friction, wear and viscosity was carried out on Jatropha oil and engine oil-based commercial lubricating oil. Wear and friction were measured with four balls Tribotester and CCD camera according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard, speed (1200 rpm), load (392N) and temperature 75° C. Results show that Jatropha oil has a better condition in friction and wear instead of engine oil with base lubricant

Tribology Evaluation of Jatropha as a New Environmental Source of Lubricant

Lubricant oils play an important role in manufacturing processes for reducing friction and wear between contact surface parts at different speeds, loads and temperature. The main source for lubricant oils is mineral oil, but this source is being reduced from day to day and it is a major source for environmental pollution in the world. This research as a comparative study of friction, wear and viscosity was carried out on Jatropha oil and engine oil-based commercial lubricating oil. Wear and friction were measured with four balls Tribotester and CCD camera according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard, speed (1200 rpm), load (392N) and temperature 75° C. Results show that Jatropha oil has a better condition in friction and wear instead of engine oil with base lubricant

Wear resistance evaluation of palm fatty acid distillate using four-ball tribotester

Petroleum reserves are declining nowadays while ironically petroleum is a major source of pollution despite many uses. Researchers are in effort to find an alternative to replace petroleum as a lubricant. One of the best replace sources for petroleum is bio-oil. In this paper, a comparative study of friction and wear was carried out using a fourball tester. In this research, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) and Jatropha oil, two well-known oils from the vegetable family oils were compared with Hydraulic mineral oil and commercial mineral Engine oil. All investigated oils in this study are used in industries as lubricants. PFAD is a product from refined crude palm oil. It exists as a light brown solid at room temperature and Jatropa oil is produced from the seeds of the Jatropha cruces, a plant that grows in marginal lands. For the wear test, the experimental research condition was comparing four kind of oils with ASTM condition in which the load applied was 392N. The sliding speed was 1200rpm under the lubricant temperature of 75 degree Celsius. The experiment was run for 3600 seconds. The experimental results demonstrated that the PFAD and Jatropha oils exhibited better performance in term of friction and wear compared to Hydraulic and Engine mineral oils

Palm Fatty Acid as a New Renewable Source for Industrial Lubricant

The sources of petroleum are being reduced from day to day and petroleum is a major source of environmental pollution. Many researchers are trying to find other alternatives, namely renewable and green energy sources to substitute the petroleum in every sector. One of the best alternative sources for petroleum is bio oils. In this paper, a comparative study of friction and wear was carried out using four balls tester. Palm Fatty Acid distillate (PFAD) and additive free paraffinic mineral oil were used as lubricants. PFAD is a product from refined crude palm oil. It exists in light brown solid at room temperature. For the wear test, the research was done with two kinds of oils under ASTM condition in which applied load is 392N. The sliding speed was 1200rpm under lubricant temperature of 75 degree Celsius. The experiment was r un for 3600 seconds. The experimental results demonstrated that the PFAD exhibited better performance in terms of friction and wear compared to paraffinic mineral oil

Palm Fatty Acid as a New Renewable Source for Industrial Lubricant

The sources of petroleum are being reduced from day to day and petroleum is a major source of environmental pollution. Many researchers are trying to find other alternatives, namely renewable and green energy sources to substitute the petroleum in every sector. One of the best alternative sources for petroleum is bio oils. In this paper, a comparative study of friction and wear was carried out using four balls tester. Palm Fatty Acid distillate (PFAD) and additive free paraffinic mineral oil were used as lubricants. PFAD is a product from refined crude palm oil. It exists in light brown solid at room temperature. For the wear test, the research was done with two kinds of oils under ASTM condition in which applied load is 392N. The sliding speed was 1200rpm under lubricant temperature of 75 degree Celsius. The experiment was r un for 3600 seconds. The experimental results demonstrated that the PFAD exhibited better performance in terms of friction and wear compared to paraffinic mineral oil

Palm Fatty Acid as a New Renewable Source for Industrial Lubricant

The sources of petroleum are being reduced from day to day and petroleum is a major source of environmental pollution. Many researchers are trying to find other alternatives, namely renewable and green energy sources to substitute the petroleum in every sector. One of the best alternative sources for petroleum is bio oils. In this paper, a comparative study of friction and wear was carried out using four balls tester. Palm Fatty Acid distillate (PFAD) and additive free paraffinic mineral oil were used as lubricants. PFAD is a product from refined crude palm oil. It exists in light brown solid at room temperature. For the wear test, the research was done with two kinds of oils under ASTM condition in which applied load is 392N. The sliding speed was 1200rpm under lubricant temperature of 75 degree Celsius. The experiment was r un for 3600 seconds. The experimental results demonstrated that the PFAD exhibited better performance in terms of friction and wear compared to paraffinic mineral oil

Influence of normal load and temperature on tribological properties of jatropha oil

This research investigated tribological properties of Jatropha oil (vegetable oil)to find clean, new, and renewable lubricant source of industrial applications. The study was performed utilizing a fourball tribotester, CCD camera, scanning electron microscope (SEM)and viscometer. The experiment was conducted using different normal loads (300, 400, and 500 N) and temperatures (75, 95 and 105°C). The test was followed ASTM D4172 standard. The evaluation was focused on the viscosity, flash temperature parameter, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter and worn surface observation. All results of Jatropha oil were compared with mineral hydraulic oil to evaluate the lubricity performance of Jatropha oil. The results indicated that the Jatropha had better anti-friction and anti-wear ability than hydraulic mineral oil under various temperature and loads. In conclusion, Jatropha oil has bright possibility to be produced as commercial industrial lubrican

Film cooling effectiveness in a gas turbine engine: a review

This study was carried out to extend database knowledge about the function of film cooling holes at the end of combustor and the inlet of turbine. Using the well-known Brayton cycle, raising the turbine inlet temperature is the key to obtain higher engine efficiency in gas turbine engines. However, high temperature of the combustor exit flow causes non-uniformities. These non-uniformities lead to the reduction of expected life of critical components. Therefore, an appropriate cooling technique should be designed to protect these parts. Film cooling is one of the most effective external cooling methods. Various film cooling techniques presented in the literature have been investigated. Moreover, challenges and future directions of film cooling techniques have been reviewed and presented in this paper. The aim of this review is to summarize recent development in research on film cooling techniques and attempt to identify some challenging issues that need to be solved for future research