3 research outputs found

    Defense response of susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria alexandrina snails against Schistosoma mansoni infection

    No full text
    In Egypt, Biomphalaria alexandrina is the intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni. The fates of Schistosoma miracidia in the snails varies between different species of Biomphalaria. The internal defense system is one of the factors that influence the susceptibility pattern of the snails. The interaction between Biomphalaria snails and S. mansoni needs to be identified for each species, and even between the members of the same species with different degrees of susceptibility. In the present study, the first generation of susceptible and resistant parents of B. alexandrina was examined histologically at the 30th day post exposure. The study includes the characterization of the immune response, as expressed by tissue reactions, of susceptible and resistant B. alexandrina snails against S. mansoni. It was also designed to determine the impact of the resistance increase in parent snails, on the mechanisms of interaction of their offspring against infection. The results showed that the infection rate of the offspring from the susceptible parents was 92%. No susceptible offspring was produced from the resistant parents. When the parents were of equal number of susceptible and resistant snails, they gave an offspring with an infection rate of 20%. Susceptible snails that had susceptible parents showed a higher degree of susceptibility than those that had both susceptible and resistant parents. A common feature of the resistant snails was the absence of any viable parasites. The tissue reactions of the resistant snails having only resistant parents occurred at the site of miracidial penetration. In resistant snails for which susceptible ones were included in their parents, the reactions occurred in the deep tissues. These results characterized the immune response of B. alexandrina snails against Schistosoma infection which was found to occur by two different mechanisms. One type of defense occurs in highly resistant snails, and employs direct miracidial destruction soon after parasite penetration. The other type occurs in less resistant snails where a delayed resistance development occurs after the dissemination of the sporocysts in the snail tissues. It seems that B. alexandrina snails respond more or less similar to B. glabrata. The results also proved that the immune response of the internal defense system increased with increasing the number of the inherited resistant genes.En Egipto, Biomphalaria alexandrina es el hu茅sped intermediario de Schistosoma mansoni. La supervivencia de los miracidios de Schistosoma en los caracoles var铆a entre las especies de Biomphalaria. El sistema de defensa interno es uno de los factores que influyen en el patr贸n de susceptibilidad de los caracoles. La interacci贸n entre los caracoles Biomphalaria y S. mansoni requiere ser identificada para cada especie e incluso, entre los miembros de la misma especie con diferente grado de susceptibilidad. En el presente estudio, la primera generaci贸n de padres susceptibles y resistentes de B. alejandrina fue examinada histol贸gicamente al d铆a 30, despu茅s de la exposici贸n. El trabajo fue realizado tanto para caracterizar la respuesta inmune, seg煤n las reacciones de los tejidos, de los caracoles susceptibles y resistentes de B. alejandrina contra S. mansoni. Tambi茅n, el estudio se dise帽贸 para determinar el impacto en el aumento de la resistencia en los caracoles padres, en los mecanismos de interacci贸n de sus cr铆as contra la infecci贸n. Los resultados mostraron que la tasa de infecci贸n para las cr铆as, de padres susceptibles, fue del 92%. No se originaron cr铆as susceptibles de los padres resistentes. Cuando los padres inclu铆an un n煤mero igual de caracoles susceptibles y resistentes, dieron como resultado cr铆as con una tasa de infecci贸n del 20%. Los caracoles susceptibles que tuvieron padres susceptibles mostraron un mayor grado de susceptibilidad que los que ten铆an tanto padres sensibles como resistentes. Una caracter铆stica com煤n de los caracoles resistentes fue la ausencia de par谩sitos viables. Las reacciones en los tejidos de los caracoles resistentes de s贸lo padres resistentes ocurri贸 en el sitio de penetraci贸n del miracidio. En los caracoles resistentes, para los que variedades susceptibles fueron inclu铆das entre sus padres, las reacciones se produjeron en tejidos profundos. Los resultados caracterizaron la respuesta inmune de los caracoles B. alexandrina contra la infecci贸n por Schistosoma, que ocurre por dos mecanismos diferentes. El primer tipo de defensa la cual se produce en los caracoles con alta resistencia, utiliza la destrucci贸n directa del miracidio poco despu茅s de la penetraci贸n de los par谩sitos. El segundo tipo se produce en los caracoles menos resistentes, en el cual se despu茅s de la difusi贸n de los esporocistos en los tejidos del caracol. Parece que los caracoles B. alexandrina responden de una manera m谩s o menos similar a B. glabrata. Los resultados tambi茅n demostraron que la respuesta inmune del sistema de defensa interna aument贸 cuando en el n煤mero de genes de resistencia heredados es mayor

    Defense response of susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria alexandrina snails against Schistosoma mansoni infection

    No full text
    In Egypt, Biomphalaria alexandrina is the intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni. The fates of Schistosoma miracidia in the snails varies between different species of Biomphalaria. The internal defense system is one of the factors that influence the susceptibility pattern of the snails. The interaction between Biomphalaria snails and S. mansoni needs to be identified for each species, and even between the members of the same species with different degrees of susceptibility. In the present study, the first generation of susceptible and resistant parents of B. alexandrina was examined histologically at the 30th day post exposure. The study includes the characterization of the immune response, as expressed by tissue reactions, of susceptible and resistant B. alexandrina snails against S. mansoni. It was also designed to determine the impact of the resistance increase in parent snails, on the mechanisms of interaction of their offspring against infection. The results showed that the infection rate of the offspring from the susceptible parents was 92%. No susceptible offspring was produced from the resistant parents. When the parents were of equal number of susceptible and resistant snails, they gave an offspring with an infection rate of 20%. Susceptible snails that had susceptible parents showed a higher degree of susceptibility than those that had both susceptible and resistant parents. A common feature of the resistant snails was the absence of any viable parasites. The tissue reactions of the resistant snails having only resistant parents occurred at the site of miracidial penetration. In resistant snails for which susceptible ones were included in their parents, the reactions occurred in the deep tissues. These results characterized the immune response of B. alexandrina snails against Schistosoma infection which was found to occur by two different mechanisms. One type of defense occurs in highly resistant snails, and employs direct miracidial destruction soon after parasite penetration. The other type occurs in less resistant snails where a delayed resistance development occurs after the dissemination of the sporocysts in the snail tissues. It seems that B. alexandrina snails respond more or less similar to B. glabrata. The results also proved that the immune response of the internal defense system increased with increasing the number of the inherited resistant genes.En Egipto, Biomphalaria alexandrina es el hu茅sped intermediario de Schistosoma mansoni. La supervivencia de los miracidios de Schistosoma en los caracoles var铆a entre las especies de Biomphalaria. El sistema de defensa interno es uno de los factores que influyen en el patr贸n de susceptibilidad de los caracoles. La interacci贸n entre los caracoles Biomphalaria y S. mansoni requiere ser identificada para cada especie e incluso, entre los miembros de la misma especie con diferente grado de susceptibilidad. En el presente estudio, la primera generaci贸n de padres susceptibles y resistentes de B. alejandrina fue examinada histol贸gicamente al d铆a 30, despu茅s de la exposici贸n. El trabajo fue realizado tanto para caracterizar la respuesta inmune, seg煤n las reacciones de los tejidos, de los caracoles susceptibles y resistentes de B. alejandrina contra S. mansoni. Tambi茅n, el estudio se dise帽贸 para determinar el impacto en el aumento de la resistencia en los caracoles padres, en los mecanismos de interacci贸n de sus cr铆as contra la infecci贸n. Los resultados mostraron que la tasa de infecci贸n para las cr铆as, de padres susceptibles, fue del 92%. No se originaron cr铆as susceptibles de los padres resistentes. Cuando los padres inclu铆an un n煤mero igual de caracoles susceptibles y resistentes, dieron como resultado cr铆as con una tasa de infecci贸n del 20%. Los caracoles susceptibles que tuvieron padres susceptibles mostraron un mayor grado de susceptibilidad que los que ten铆an tanto padres sensibles como resistentes. Una caracter铆stica com煤n de los caracoles resistentes fue la ausencia de par谩sitos viables. Las reacciones en los tejidos de los caracoles resistentes de s贸lo padres resistentes ocurri贸 en el sitio de penetraci贸n del miracidio. En los caracoles resistentes, para los que variedades susceptibles fueron inclu铆das entre sus padres, las reacciones se produjeron en tejidos profundos. Los resultados caracterizaron la respuesta inmune de los caracoles B. alexandrina contra la infecci贸n por Schistosoma, que ocurre por dos mecanismos diferentes. El primer tipo de defensa la cual se produce en los caracoles con alta resistencia, utiliza la destrucci贸n directa del miracidio poco despu茅s de la penetraci贸n de los par谩sitos. El segundo tipo se produce en los caracoles menos resistentes, en el cual se muestra un retraso en el desarrollo de la resistencia, justo despu茅s de la difusi贸n de los esporocistos en los tejidos del caracol. Parece que los caracoles B. alexandrina responden de una manera m谩s o menos similar a B. glabrata. Los resultados tambi茅n demostraron que la respuesta inmune del sistema de defensa interna aument贸 cuando en el n煤mero de genes de resistencia heredados es mayor

    Inheritance of Schistosoma mansoni infection incompatibility in Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

    No full text
    In this study, we looked at the inheritance of susceptibility and resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in the first generation of crossbred Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Our ultimate goal is to use such information to develop a biological method of controlling schistosomiasis. We infected laboratory-bred snails with S. mansoni miracidia and examined cercarial shedding to determine susceptibility and resistance. Five parental groups were used: Group I contained 30 susceptible snails, Group II contained 30 resistant snails, Group III contained 15 susceptible and 15 resistant snails, Group IV contained 27 susceptible and three resistant snails and Group V contained three susceptible and 27 resistant snails. The percentage of resistant snails in the resulting progeny varied according to the ratio of susceptible and resistant parents per group; they are 7%, 100%, 68%, 45% and 97% from Groups I, II, III, IV and V, respectively. On increasing the percentage of resistant parent snails, the percentage of resistant progeny increased, while cercarial production in their susceptible progeny decreased
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