Enhancing IPsec Performance in Mobile IPv6 Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Internet has become indispensable to the modern society nowadays. Due to the dynamic nature of human activities, the evolving mobile technology has played a significant role and it is reflected in the exponential growth of the number of mobile users globally. However, the characteristic of the Internet as an open network made it vulnerable to various malicious activities. To secure communication at network layer, IETF recommended IPsec as a security feature. Mobile IPv6 as the successor of the current mobile technology, Mobile IPv4, also mandated the use of IPsec. However, since IPsec is a set of security algorithm, it has several well-known weaknesses such as bootstrapping issue when generating a security association as well as complex key exchange mechanism. It is a well-known fact that IPsec has a high overhead especially when implemented on Mobile IPv6 and used on limited energy devices such as mobile devices. This paper aims to enhance the IPsec performance by substituting the existing key exchange algorithm with a lightweight elliptic curve algorithm. The experiments managed to reduce the delay of IPsec in Mobile IPv6 by 67% less than the standard implementation

Optical conductivity study of screening of many-body effects in graphene interfaces

Theoretical studies have shown that electron-electron (e-e) and electron-hole (e-h) interactions play important roles in many observed quantum properties of graphene making this an ideal system to study many body effects. In this report we show that spectroscopic ellipsometry can enable us to measure this interactions quantitatively. We present spectroscopic data in two extreme systems of graphene on quartz (GOQ), an insulator, and graphene on copper (GOC), a metal which show that for GOQ, both e-e and e-h interactions dominate while for GOC e-h interactions are screened. The data further enables the estimation of the strength of the many body interaction through the effective fine structure constant, $\alpha_{g}^{*}$. The $\alpha_{g}^{*}$ for GOQ indicates a strong correlation with an almost energy independent value of about 1.37. In contrast, $\alpha_{g}^{*}$ value of GOC is photon energy dependent, is almost two orders of magnitude lower at low energies indicating very weak correlation.Comment: Main Article (4 pages, 4 figures); Supporting Online Material (12 pages, 9 figures

The Innofusion of Electronic Banking in Indonesia

Even though financial innovation plays an important role in the modern economy, surprisingly there have been few empirical literatures. In developing countries, electronic banking (e-banking), for example, received relatively little attention although has been deployed for years. Indonesia presents unique case of Asian tiger economies, especially after experiencing crisis, financial recession, and economic reform. This research address how e-banking being developed in Indonesia, how it diffused from time to time, what factors that drives and influences the e-banking implementation, how banks manage their e-banking, and what lessons can we learn from it. This study concludes by summarising the case of innofusion of electronic banking in Indonesia. Customers and competitors play an important role in influencing e-banking services adoption. There is also an indication that bigger and older banks are not as innovative and dynamic as their smaller and newer peers. Interestingly, the unavailability of legal protection does not discourage them to partner and cooperate with each other and probably true that it is only 'those' people who drive innovation among Indonesian banks

Ilmu kedokteran kehakiman

viii+113hlm.;24c

Populasi Hiu Berjalan, Kalabia (Hemiscyllium Freycineti), di Perairan Misool, Kabupaten Raja Ampat (Population Of The Walking Shark, Kalabia (Hemiscyllium Freycineti), In Misool, Raja Ampat)

Walking shark (Hemiscyllium freycineti) was classified in the Genus Hemiscyllium, a nocturnal organism, lives in benthic zone. Walking shark has limited distribution because of its inability to swim across the sea regardless the close range. Based on those information, the survey was conducted to monitor the potential density of walking shark populations at Misool, Raja Ampat, in order to have data of population and the utilization. This research was conducted by applying Snorkeling Visual Census Method along the coastline using Global Positioning System. A number of 58 individuals walking sharks was found during the survey and they varied from around 61-70 cm (the longest) to about 20 cm (the shortest). The most common size was of 31-40 cm. The length of the survey track was 20.003,74 m (20 km) and the observation area was 109.592,69 m2 with a survey track width of 11 m, so that the density of walking sharks was about 5,29 individuals/ha.Walking shark in Misool have not been used either for food consumption or in trade demand. It can be concluded, the level of density of walking sharks in Misool is under low pressure conditions.---Hiu berjalan (Hemiscyllium freycineti) tergolong dalam genus Hemiscyllium, yang merupakan hewan nokturnal yang hidup di dasar perairan. Hiu berjalan memiliki distribusi terbatas, karena jenis ini tidak mampu berenang menyeberangi laut yang dalam meskipun hanya berjarak beberapa kilometer. Berdasarkan informasi tersebut, maka dilakukan survei kepadatan populasi hiu berjalan di perairan Misool, Raja Ampat, guna memperoleh data populasi dan pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Snorkeling Visual Census dan survei menyusuri garis pantai berbasis Global Positioning System (GPS). Dari hasil survei, didapatkan jumlah ikan hiu berjalan yang tersensus sebanyak 58 individu dengan ukuran yang bervariasi dari terpanjang sekitar 61-70 cm dan ukuran terpendek 20 cm. Ukuran ikan hiu berjalan yang dominan ditemukan ialahdengan panjang tubuh 31-40 cm (sebanyak 16 individu). Survei ini mencakup panjang lintasan 20.003,74 m (20 km), luas area pengamatan 109.592,69 m2, dan lebar lintasan survei 11 m, sehingga kepadatan ikan hiu berjalan yang diperoleh dari hasil survei yaitu 5,29 individu/ha. Hiu berjalan di Misool belum banyak dimanfaatkan, baik secara konsumsi maupun permintaan perdagangan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan, bahwa tingkat kepadatan hiu berjalan di Misool dalam kondisi tekanan rendah

Tunable optical absorption and interactions in graphene via oxygen plasma

10.1103/PhysRevB.89.075134Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics897-PRBM