17,836 research outputs found
Langevin Trajectories between Fixed Concentrations
We consider the trajectories of particles diffusing between two infinite
baths of fixed concentrations connected by a channel, e.g. a protein channel of
a biological membrane. The steady state influx and efflux of Langevin
trajectories at the boundaries of a finite volume containing the channel and
parts of the two baths is replicated by termination of outgoing trajectories
and injection according to a residual phase space density. We present a
simulation scheme that maintains averaged fixed concentrations without creating
spurious boundary layers, consistent with the assumed physics
Latent awareness: Early conscious access to motor preparation processes is linked to the readiness potential
An experience of intention to move accompanies execution of some voluntary actions. The Readiness Potential (RP) is an increasing negativity over motor brain areas prior to voluntary movement. Classical studies suggested that the RP starts before intention is consciously accessed as measured by offline recall-based reports, yet the interpretation of the RP and its temporal relation to awareness of intention remain controversial. We designed a task in which self-paced actions could be interrupted at random times by a visual cue that probed online awareness of intention. Participants were instructed to respond by pressing a key if they felt they were actively preparing a self-paced movement at the time of the cue (awareness report), but to ignore the cue otherwise. We show that an RP-like activity was more strongly present before the cue for probes eliciting awareness reports than otherwise. We further show that recall-based reports of the time of conscious intention are linked to visual attention processes, whereas online reports elicited by a probe are not. Our results suggest that awareness of intention is accessible at relatively early stages of motor preparation and that the RP is specifically associated with this conscious experience
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Nanoindentation Of Si Nanostructures: Buckling And Friction At Nanoscales
A nanoindentation system was employed to characterize mechanical properties of silicon nanolines (SiNLs), which were fabricated by an anisotropic wet etching (AWE) process. The SiNLs had the linewidth ranging from 24 nm to 90 nm, having smooth and vertical sidewalls and the aspect ratio (height/linewidth) from 7 to 18. During indentation, a buckling instability was observed at a critical load, followed by a displacement burst without a load increase, then a full recovery of displacement upon unloading. This phenomenon was explained by two bucking modes. It was also found that the difference in friction at the contact between the indenter and SiNLs directly affected buckling response of these nanolines. The friction coefficient was estimated to be in a range of 0.02 to 0.05. For experiments with large indentation displacements, irrecoverable indentation displacements were observed due to fracture of Si nanolines, with the strain to failure estimated to be from 3.8% to 9.7%. These observations indicated that the buckling behavior of SiNLs depended on the combined effects of load, line geometry, and the friction at contact. This study demonstrated a valuable approach to fabrication of well-defined Si nanoline structures and the application of the nanoindentation method for investigation of their mechanical properties at the nanoscale.Microelectronics Research Cente
Strategi Pengembangan Agribisnis Puring di Desa Petiga, Kecamatan Marga, Kabupaten Tabanan
Croton (Codiaeum variegatum) has become a valuable ornamental plant because of the beauty of its colorful unique features of leaves that is worth to collect. Farmers from Petiga Village have been trying to develop croton as the object of business. A huge prospect of ornamental plant as the development in Bali emerging, bring hopes for the future of croton agribusiness. Yet, there are still many aspects that have to be taken into consideration in order to bring this business prospective especially to Petiga Village farmers. This research was conducted at Petiga Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency with the aim at: (1) identifying internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). (2) determining the position of the business, (3) formulating strategies that are relevant to be applied. Respondents of this research were determined on purpose, including the farmer, head of farmer groups, village agriculture field supervisor, and the head of Agriculture Departement from Tabanan Regency. Data analysis methods used were: (1) Analysis of IFE matrix, (2) Analysis of EFE matrix, (3) Analysis of the IE matrix, (4) SWOT Analysis, and (5) Analysis of AHP. The results of the study showed that the major constraint of the progress development of croton agribusiness at Petiga Village was that most of the farmer lack of information regarding the market and the price of the product. Only a small group of farmers had an access to the direct market of croton. The study also identify two major internal strengths : good quality product (croton) and the possibility of developing new variety of croton with better prices. While the external threats come from other kind of ornament plant and croton from other regions (East Java). SWOT analysis formulates four alternative strategies : improving the quantity and quality of the product, improving marketing and promotion, improving management and entrepreneurship skill of the farmer and improving coordination and consolidation among farmers. Analysist of Hierarchy Process found that improving management and entrepreneurship of the farmers had a higher priority above other alternative strategies. This strategy could be perform by delivering practical training and close supervision on the site to give them a direct benefit
Generalized Riemann sums
The primary aim of this chapter is, commemorating the 150th anniversary of
Riemann's death, to explain how the idea of {\it Riemann sum} is linked to
other branches of mathematics. The materials I treat are more or less classical
and elementary, thus available to the "common mathematician in the streets."
However one may still see here interesting inter-connection and cohesiveness in
mathematics
Irreducible characters of GSp(4, q) and dimensions of spaces of fixed vectors
In this paper, we compute the conjugacy classes and the list of irreducible
characters of GSp(4,q), where q is odd. We also determine precisely which
irreducible characters are non-cuspidal and which are generic. These characters
are then used to compute dimensions of certain subspaces of fixed vectors of
smooth admissible non-supercuspidal representations of GSp(4,F), where F is a
non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero with residue field of order
q.Comment: 48 pages, 21 tables. Corrected an error in Table 16 for type V*
representations (theta_11 and theta_12 were switched
Focusing and Compression of Ultrashort Pulses through Scattering Media
Light scattering in inhomogeneous media induces wavefront distortions which
pose an inherent limitation in many optical applications. Examples range from
microscopy and nanosurgery to astronomy. In recent years, ongoing efforts have
made the correction of spatial distortions possible by wavefront shaping
techniques. However, when ultrashort pulses are employed scattering induces
temporal distortions which hinder their use in nonlinear processes such as in
multiphoton microscopy and quantum control experiments. Here we show that
correction of both spatial and temporal distortions can be attained by
manipulating only the spatial degrees of freedom of the incident wavefront.
Moreover, by optimizing a nonlinear signal the refocused pulse can be shorter
than the input pulse. We demonstrate focusing of 100fs pulses through a 1mm
thick brain tissue, and 1000-fold enhancement of a localized two-photon
fluorescence signal. Our results open up new possibilities for optical
manipulation and nonlinear imaging in scattering media
Spherical Relativistic Hartree theory in a Woods-Saxon basis
The Woods-Saxon basis has been suggested to replace the widely used harmonic
oscillator basis for solving the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory in order
to generalize it to study exotic nuclei. As examples, relativistic Hartree
theory is solved for spherical nuclei in a Woods-Saxon basis obtained by
solving either the Schr\"odinger equation or the Dirac equation (labelled as
SRHSWS and SRHDWS, respectively and SRHWS for both). In SRHDWS, the negative
levels in the Dirac Sea must be properly included. The basis in SRHDWS could be
smaller than that in SRHSWS which will simplify the deformed problem. The
results from SRHWS are compared in detail with those from solving the spherical
relativistic Hartree theory in the harmonic oscillator basis (SRHHO) and those
in the coordinate space (SRHR). All of these approaches give identical nuclear
properties such as total binding energies and root mean square radii for stable
nuclei. For exotic nuclei, e.g., Ca, SRHWS satisfactorily reproduces the
neutron density distribution from SRHR, while SRHHO fails. It is shown that the
Woods-Saxon basis can be extended to more complicated situations for exotic
nuclei where both deformation and pairing have to be taken into account.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
The significance of seniority for women managersâ interpretations of organizational restructuring
This paper examines the impact of restructuring within the transport and logistics sector on women managers working at senior and less senior (middle/junior management) levels of the organization. The majority of women experienced increased performance pressures and heavier workloads as well as an increase in working hours. At the same time, there were pressures to work at home (i.e. week-ends and evenings) and reduced opportunities to work from home (i.e. during normal office hours). Management level emerged as an important factor in how these changes were interpreted. Senior managers perceived more positive outcomes in terms of increased motivation and loyalty. Despite a longer working week, they were less likely to report low morale as an outcome from long hours. In fact, irrespective of management level, women working shorter hours were more likely to report low morale as an outcome. Results are discussed in relation to literature on restructuring and careers, in terms of perceptual framing and in relation to different levels of investment in the organization
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