Wireless Video Capsule Enteroscopy in Preclinical Studies: Methodical Design of Its Applicability in Experimental Pigs

The aim of this project was to develop a methodology to introduce wireless video capsule endoscopy in preclinical research. Five mature female pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were selected for the study. Capsule endoscopes (the EndoCapsule system; Olympus) were introduced into the duodenum endoscopically in each of the animals. The life span of batteries (i.e., total time of endoscopy recording) was 487–540 min (median 492 min). The capsule endoscope reached the cecum during enteroscopy once (after 7 h 57 min), in the remaining cases, endoscopy recordings terminated in the distal or terminal ileum. All capsule enteroscopies found a normal pattern of the small intestine. The intestinal lumen is narrower, transverse folds are sparse or even absent, villi are wider but less prominent in pigs compared to humans. Capsule endoscopy in experimental pigs will be helpful for future trials on injury of different drugs and xenobiotics to the small bowel

Whipple’s Disease: Our Own Experience and Review of the Literature

Whipple’s disease is a chronic infectious systemic disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. Nondeforming arthritis is frequently an initial complaint. Gastrointestinal and general symptoms include marked diarrhoea (with serious malabsorption), abdominal pain, prominent weight loss, and low-grade fever. Possible neurologic symptoms (up to 20%) might be associated with worse prognosis. Diagnosis is based on the clinical picture and small intestinal histology revealing foamy macrophages containing periodic-acid-Schiff- (PAS-) positive material. Long-term (up to one year) antibiotic therapy provides a favourable outcome in the vast majority of cases. This paper provides review of the literature and an analysis of our 5 patients recorded within a 20-year period at a tertiary gastroenterology centre. Patients were treated using i.v. penicillin G or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid + i.v. gentamicin for two weeks, followed by p.o. doxycycline (100 mg per day) plus p.o. salazopyrine (3 g per day) for 1 year. Full remission was achieved in all our patients

Preclinical electrogastrography in experimental pigs

Surface electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive means of recording gastric myoelectric activity or slow waves from cutaneous leads placed over the stomach. This paper provides a comprehensive review of preclinical EGG. Our group recently set up and worked out the methods for EGG in experimental pigs. We gained our initial experience in the use of EGG in assessment of porcine gastric myoelectric activity after volume challenge and after intragastric administration of itopride and erythromycin. The mean dominant frequency in pigs is comparable with that found in humans. EGG in experimental pigs is feasible. Experimental EGG is an important basis for further preclinical projects in pharmacology and toxicology

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in Experimental and Clinical Diagnostics of Enteropathy Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

SOUHRN Úvod: Enteropatie z nesteroidních antiflogistik (NSA) představuje závažnou komplikaci léčby. Prevalence onemocnění byla vzhledem k obtížné vyšetřitelnosti tenkého střeva dlouhodobě podhodnocována. Cíle: Hlavním cílem projektu byla identifikace hlavních charakteristik enteropatie z NSA a průkaz přínosu kapslové endoskopie v její diagnostice. Metodika a výsledky: V experimentální části projektu jsme vypracovali metodiku kapslové endoskopie u experimentálního prasete a následně ji úspěšně použili k vyšetření 7 zdravých zvířat. U všech byly zjištěny normální enteroskopické nálezy. Hlavními limitacemi byly horší přehlednost sliznice tenkého střeva a vyšší procento neúplných vyšetření. Vytvořili jsme experimentální model enteropatie z NSA (indometacin per os 10 dní - 400 mg/den) a následně ověřili použitelnost kapslové endoskopie v její identifikaci vyšetřením 8 prasat. Porovnáním endoskopických nálezů s pitevními jsme mohli stanovit základní charakteristiky kapslové endoskopie. Léze tenkého střeva byly endoskopicky pozorovány u většiny pokusných zvířat (87.5 %), nejčastěji jsme zjistili mírnou enteropatii (rudé skvrny a eroze) u 6/8 zvířat. Nálezy kapslové endoskopie byly potvrzeny pitvou pouze v 50 % pravděpodobně vzhledem k charakteru některých lézí (fokální překrvení sliznice obtížně zobrazitelné v...Introduction Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy represents an important complication related to one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. The prevalence has been underestimated for a long time due to previous diagnostic difficulties. Objective The main goal of our project was to evaluate the basic characteristics of NSAID- induced enteropathy as well as the benefit of capsule endoscopy in its diagnostics. Methods and results In the first, experimental, part of the dissertation, we elaborated methodology of capsule endoscopy in an experimental animal and checked it on 7 healthy pigs. Although normal enteroscopy pictures were found in all the animals, some limitations were identified. The markedly worse visibility of the small bowel mucosa, and incomplete evaluation were the main ones. A model of NSAID-induced enteropathy (using a 10-day per oral indomethacin administration - 400 mg/day) was projected and verified in 8 healthy pigs consecutively. The endoscopy findings were confirmed by means of autopsy. We revealed the presence of small intestinal mucosal lesions on capsule endoscopy in the majority of the experimental pigs (87.5%). The most frequent findings were mild mucosal injury (red spots and erosions) in 6/8 animals. These findings were confirmed in 50.0% at...Katedra interních oborůAcademic Department of Internal MedicineLékařská fakulta v Hradci KrálovéFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Králov

Význam experimentální elektrogastrografie v preklinických studiích

Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králov

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in Experimental and Clinical Diagnostics of Enteropathy Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Introduction Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy represents an important complication related to one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. The prevalence has been underestimated for a long time due to previous diagnostic difficulties. Objective The main goal of our project was to evaluate the basic characteristics of NSAID- induced enteropathy as well as the benefit of capsule endoscopy in its diagnostics. Methods and results In the first, experimental, part of the dissertation, we elaborated methodology of capsule endoscopy in an experimental animal and checked it on 7 healthy pigs. Although normal enteroscopy pictures were found in all the animals, some limitations were identified. The markedly worse visibility of the small bowel mucosa, and incomplete evaluation were the main ones. A model of NSAID-induced enteropathy (using a 10-day per oral indomethacin administration - 400 mg/day) was projected and verified in 8 healthy pigs consecutively. The endoscopy findings were confirmed by means of autopsy. We revealed the presence of small intestinal mucosal lesions on capsule endoscopy in the majority of the experimental pigs (87.5%). The most frequent findings were mild mucosal injury (red spots and erosions) in 6/8 animals. These findings were confirmed in 50.0% at..